Sodium chloride aqueous

Hydroxycortisone BMD) (48) A solution of 4 g of 17a,20 20,21-bis-methylenedioxypregn-4-ene-3,l 1-dione (cortisone BMD) (46) dissolved in 300 ml of t-butanol and 5 ml of water is treated with 34 ml of 35 % hydrogen peroxide and 0.45 g of osmium tetroxide predissolved in 36 ml of /-butanol. The resulting mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 days. Diol (47) which crystallizes during the reaction is collected by filtration and washed with /-butanol and water. The filtrate is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed sequentially with aqueous sodium chloride, aqueous 10% sodium bisulfite, aqueous 10% sodium bicarbonate and finally with water to neutrality. The solvent is evaporated and a second crop of the diol (47) is collected, providing a total of about 3.8 g. 

Section 3.2 begins with pfCj definitions and a brief description of the state-of-the-art pfCj measurement methods, stressing the needed accuracy, especially with molecules which possess very low aqueous solubility. In a prachcal way, the ioniza-hon constant is treated as a property of the molecule, usually defined at 25 °C in a nonbuffered medium of 0.15 M potassium (or sodium) chloride aqueous... 

Combine the ethyl acetate-n-hexane layer in a 500-mL separatory funnel, add 70 mL of 0.9 M sodium hydroxide solution and 10 mL of saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution (pH 10 or higher), shake the mixture and collect the organic layer. Wash the residual alkaline aqueous layer with 30 mL of n-hexane and combine the n-hexane layer with the organic layer. Using this partitioning procedure, Orbencarb and I are partitioned into the organic layer and n is partitioned into the alkaline aqueous layer. 

Transfer the concentrate into a 200-mL separatory funnel using two portions of 20 mL of n-hexane. Add 100 mL of saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution and extract twice with 100 mL of n-hexane by shaking for 5 min and allow the phases to separate. After dehydration of the n-hexane extract with 10 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrate the extract to dryness below 40 °C with a rotary evaporator. Transfer the residue with three portions of 5 mL of n-hexane into a glass column containing 10 g of Florisil (deactivated by water at a rate of 1%). Elute with 100 mL of n-hexane-ethyl acetate (9 1, v/v) and then with 100 mL of n-hexane-ethyl acetate (7 3, v/v). Concentrate the second eluate to dryness and dissolve the residue in 10 mL of n-hexane and analysis by gas chromatography/flame thermionic detection (GC/FTD). 

Pass the solution derived from Section 6.2.2 through a Cig cartridge (conditioned prior to use successively with 5mL of acetonitrile and 10 mL of water), then elute interfering substances with 15 mL of acetonitrile-water (3 17, v/v) and discard the eluate. Elute imibenconazole-debenzyl with 20 mL of acetonitrile-water (2 3, v/v) and collect the eluate in a 100-mL separatory funnel (imibenconazole-debenzyl fraction). Elute imibenconazole with 20 mL of acetonitrile-water (17 3, v/v) and collect the eluate in a 100-mL separatory funnel (imibenconazole fraction). Add 30 mL of 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution and 40 mL of ethyl acetate to each separatory funnel and shake the funnel with a mechanical shaker for 5 min. Collect the ethyl acetate extract, dry the extract with anhydrous sodium sulfate and transfer into a 100-mL round-bottom flask. Concentrate the ethyl acetate extract to near dryness by rotary evaporation and dry with a stream of nitrogen. Dissolve the residue of each fraction in acetone for gas chromatographic determination as in Section 6.3. 

Into a 300-mL separatory funnel transfer the residue prepared in Section 6.1.1, 6.1.2 or 6.1.3 with 100 mL of distilled water and add lOmL of saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. Extract the mixture twice with 50 mL of n-hexane. Combine the... 

To the concentrated solution, 200 mL of 5% sodium chloride aqueous solution and 100 ml of n-hexane are added and vigorously shaken in a separatory funnel for 5 min. After leaving for a while, the n-hexane layer is collected. To the aqueous layer 100 mL of n-hexane are added and the partition procedure is repeated. The combined n-hexane layer is dried by passing through a funnel containing 50 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate and is concentrated under reduced pressure below 40 °C. 

Saturated sodium chloride, aqueous (SSCE) 5 = 0.384 V Standard hydrogen, aqueous S = 0.624 V... 

A solution of 642 mg of thioacetic acid in 14 ml of dried dimethylformamide was added to a suspension of 374 mg of 50% sodium hydride in 13 ml of dried dimethylformamide in a nitrogen stream, followed by stirring at room temperature for 25 minutes. To the mixture were added 975 mg of sodium iodide and then a solution of 2.52 g of trans-l-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-4-methanesulfonyloxy-L-prolineamide in 12 ml of dried dimethylformamide, and the resulting mixture was heated to 70°C for 6 hours while stirring. The reaction mixture was poured into a cool aqueous solution of sodium chloride and extracted with benzene. The extract was washed successively with a 10% aqueous solution of sodium sulfate and a sodium chloride aqueous solution, dried over sodium sulfate and distilled off to remove the solvent. The resulting crude crystals were washed with a warm mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and benzene to obtain (2S,4S)-l-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)- 2-carbamoyl-4-acetylthio-L-prolineamide. Melting point 168.5-169.5°C. 

Some recent developments in the research of the structure and dynamics of solvated ions are discussed. The solvate structure of lithium ion in dimethyl formamide and preliminary results on the structure of sodium chloride aqueous solutions under high pressures are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the traditional X-ray diffiraction method at new conditions. Perspectives of solution chemistry studies by combined methods as e.g. diffraction results with reverse Monte Carlo simulations, are also shown. 

Sodium carbonate, aqueous Sodium chloride, aqueous Sodium hydride (60% oil suspension)... 

HUA Huang, Y. and Forciniti, D., Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide random copolymer/sodium chloride aqueous two-phase systems Wetting and adsorption on dodecylagarose and polystyrene, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 77, 786, 2002. 

Preparation 8-1 A quaternary ammonium salt of hyaluronic acid is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Octyl isocyanate as reactant and di-w-butyl-tin dilaurate as the catalyst are added. The reaction is done at 65°C for 8 h. Afterwards, dibutylamine is added to stop the reaction. Eventually, the reaction mixture is dialyzed in saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, purified, exchanged from the quaternary ammonium salt to a sodium salt, and finally freeze-dried. 

C is the concentration of CM-chitosan in 0.1 mol/L sodium chloride aqueous solution... 

Preparation of Racemic 6,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one. To an aqueous solution of sodium 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran -2-carboxylate (50 g) was added 6N hydrochloric acid (64 ml) in a few minutes keeping the temperature below lO C with external ice-cooling. After the addition of a sufficient amount of sodium chloride to saturate the solution, it was extracted several times with diethyl ether. The ether extract was washed three times with a saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was distilled. Yield 78% bp 68-70 C (4 mmHg) (lit.[9], bp 62-64 C (3 mmHg)). The monomer was dried over calcium hydride and fractionally distilled just before use. 

Frosch and coworkers studied the surface tension of binary solutions of adipic, citric, oxalic, succinic, and cis-pinonic acids in either ammonium sulfate or sodium chloride aqueous solutions using tensiometry at room temperature [205]. They observed no surface tension depression in solutions containing oxalic acid, and cis-pinonic acid had the highest surface activity among the compounds studied. 

The autoclave is cooled to room temperature and cautiously vented. Depending on the nature of the soap or surfactant used, the polymer may be coagulated by the addition of aqueous sodium chloride, aqueous calcium chloride, acidification, or by drying the latex directly. Coagulated resins are washed with distilled water repeatedly and dried under reduced pressure in a warm oven. 

Ebara, R., T. Kai, and K. Inoue (1978). Corrosion fatigue behavior of 13Cr stainless steel in sodium chloride aqueous solution and steam environment, in Corrosion Fatigue Technology, ASTM STP 642, pp. 155-168. 

The procedure used was a modification of that described previously by Bocchi et. al., 2 j) e to the poor solubility of Na-r-PGA in dimethylsulf-oxide (DMSO), the free acid form (H-T PGA) was dissolved in DMSO and to this solution was added a five molar excess of either n-ethyl or n-propyl bromide. The reaction was allowed to continue for 48 h at room temperature after which the product was precipitated into a 6% sodium chloride aqueous solution. The precipitate was further purified by soxhlet extraction with acetone, ether, and then dried in vacuo. 

Various extraction liquids are recommended by the FDA including distilled water, 3% aqueous acetic acid, 3% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, 3% aqueous sodium chloride, aqueous ethyl alcohol of the appropriate concentration, 20% sucrose solution containing 1% citric acid adjusted to pH 3.5 (aqueous extractants) and a liquid food fat, e.g., olive oil, vegetable oil, heptane and diethyl ether (fatty extractants). 

Fig. III-9. Representative plots of surface tension versus composition, (a) Isooctane-n-dodecane at 30°C 1 linear, 2 ideal, with a = 48.6. Isooctane-benzene at 30°C 3 ideal, with a = 35.4, 4 ideal-like with empirical a of 112, 5 unsymmetrical, with ai = 136 and U2 = 45. Isooctane-

It is quite clear, first of all, that since emulsions present a large interfacial area, any reduction in interfacial tension must reduce the driving force toward coalescence and should promote stability. We have here, then, a simple thermodynamic basis for the role of emulsifying agents. Harkins [17] mentions, as an example, the case of the system paraffin oil-water. With pure liquids, the inter-facial tension was 41 dyn/cm, and this was reduced to 31 dyn/cm on making the aqueous phase 0.00 IM in oleic acid, under which conditions a reasonably stable emulsion could be formed. On neutralization by 0.001 M sodium hydroxide, the interfacial tension fell to 7.2 dyn/cm, and if also made O.OOIM in sodium chloride, it became less than 0.01 dyn/cm. With olive oil in place of the paraffin oil, the final interfacial tension was 0.002 dyn/cm. These last systems emulsified spontaneously—that is, on combining the oil and water phases, no agitation was needed for emulsification to occur. 

Anisimov M A, Povodyrev A A, Sengers J V and Levelt-Sengers J M H 1997 Vapor-liquid equilibria, scaling and crossover in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride near the critical line Physica A 244 298... 

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