Sodium calcium silicate hydrate

There are also the other reactive aggregates, namely gneiss and mica containing shales [41], In the interfacial transition zone, in the vicinity of aggregate surface— kaolinite and hydromicas, while from cement paste side—gel of sodium-calcium silicate hydrate, respectively are formed. However, in the case of serpentine concrete deterioration is due to the formation of brucite [75]. The clay minerals, such as chlorites, vermiculite, as well as micas and feldspars, are also included to reactive aggregate components. 

A sodium metasilicate modified high-alumina cement may be used in geothermal wells at temperatures up to 300°C (Sugama and Garciello, 19%). Sodium calcium silicate hydrate and boehmite are formed as products of reaction in the hydrothermal reaction. 

Brunauer and co-workers [129, 130] found values of of 1310, 1180, and 386 ergs/cm for CaO, Ca(OH)2 and tobermorite (a calcium silicate hydrate). Jura and Garland [131] reported a value of 1040 ergs/cm for magnesium oxide. Patterson and coworkers [132] used fractionated sodium chloride particles prepared by a volatilization method to find that the surface contribution to the low-temperature heat capacity varied approximately in proportion to the area determined by gas adsorption. Questions of equilibrium arise in these and adsorption studies on finely divided surfaces as discussed in Section X-3. 

Leach-Resistant Chemicals. Insoluble Complexes. Leach-resistant fire retardants can be formed by reacting soluble salts with metal salts to form insoluble, metallic salt complexes. Sodium silicate reacted with calcium chloride formed an insoluble, hydrated calcium silicate (95). Application of a 20% diammonium phosphate solution, followed by a 20% magnesium sulfate solution, has been proposed as a ready-to-use treatment for wood roofs (96). This combination forms an insoluble magnesium ammonium phosphate and is recommended for roofs that are 5 years old or older. Test results indicate that this treatment provides increased flame-spread protection. 

Names bentonite, clay, montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite, Ca-montmorillonite, hydrated sodium calcium aluminum magnesium silicate hydroxide... 

Silicic acid, aluminum sodium salt. See Sodium silicoaluminate Silicic acid, calcium salt. See Calcium metasilicate Calcium silicate Silicic acid, calcium salt (1 1). See Calcium metasilicate Silicic acid, disodium salt. See Sodium metasilicate Silicic acid hydrate Silicic acid hydrated. See Silica, hydrated Silicic acid, lithium, magnesium, sodium salt. See Smectite Silicic acid, potassium salt. See Potassium silicate Silicic acid (HjSiOj), calcium salt (1 1). See Calcium metasilicate Silicic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium silicate Silicic acid, tetraethyl ester. See Ethyl silicate... 

Many nanodays are based on the smectite clay, montmorillonite, a hydrated sodium calcium aluminum magnesium silicate hydroxide, (Na,Ca)(Al, Mg)6(Si40io)3 (OH) wH 2O. M ontmorillonite is found throughout the world in small quantities in its natural geological state. In large deposits, where the mineral is found in greater than 50% concentrations admixed vdth a variety of other minerals, it is known as bentonite. 

Non-black fillers may also be employed, but it is important to use neutral or medium high pH grades such as silane-treated calcined clay, synthetic sodium aluminum silicate, platy talc, neutral pH silicas, diatomaceous earth, hydrated aluminum silicate, calcium meta silicate, precipitated calcium carbonate, and so on. An indication of non-black filler requirements for one point of hardness increase is shown in Table 5.10. 

Ordinary sodium silicate and calcium silicate are, in fact, metasilicates. Sodium silicate may be made by heating sodium carbonate, Na2C03, with pure sand, Si02, in a furnace to form a glass. Window glass (soda glass) is made by a continuous process in which sand reacts at 1 400 °C with fused carbonates of sodium, potassium and calcium (limestone and some sodium sulfate). At these temperatures the carbonates behave as a mixture of the oxide and carbon dioxide gas (for instance, CaO + CO2). The liquid is stirred by the evolution of CO2, H2O (from the hydrated salts) and SO3. 

Valentinite, see Antimony(III) oxide Verdigris, see Copper acetate hydrate Vermillion, see Mercury(II) sulflde Villiaumite, see Sodium fluoride Vitamin B3, see Calcium (+)pantothenate Washing soda, see Sodium carbonate 10-water Whitlockite, see Calcium phosphate Willemite, see Zinc silicate(4—)... 

Zeolyte. A widely used catalyse, originally from a naturally occurring hydrated silicate of aluminum and either sodium or calcium but mostly now a fabricated ion-exchange resin that can contain potassium and diverse groups ofsulfonated organic compounds or resins, depending on the catalytic reaction desired,... 

Several types of corrosion inhibitors have been investigated in the last 20 years [53-55] these include calcium and sodium nitrites, sodium benzoate, sodium/potassium chromate, sodium salts of silicates and phosphates, stannous chloride, hydrazine hydrate, sodium fluorophosphate, permanganate, aniline and related compounds, alkalis, azides, ferrocyanide, EDTA and many chelating compounds. However, in terms of field practice and research data, nitrite-based compounds occupy a dominant position. 

Sulphate of eoda, Chloride of sodium Carbonate of soda, Hydrate of soda, Carbonate of lime, Oxysulphide of calcium SCaS + CaO], Sulphide of iron, Silicate of magnesia,. Charcoal, From Newe f tft.. ..23-57. , . 12-90. 34-76. . .. 4-74. . .. 2-02. From IftireAtila, Jildiurlsom. 25-64. 15-57., .. 1-22 4-28... 

The primary reaction of any pozzolanic material is an attack on the SiOj or AljOj-SiOj framework by OH ions. It may be supposed that the OH ions attach themselves to silicon and other network-forming atoms, with consequent breaking of bonds between the latter and oxygen atoms. After this has occurred several times, the silicate or other oxy anion is detached from the framework. It may either remain in situ or pass into the solution. The charges of those that remain are balanced, partly by H, and partly by metal cations. Since a cement pore solution is essentially one of potassium and sodium hydroxides, the immediate product is likely to be an amorphous material with and Na as the dominant cations, but the more abundant supply of Ca and the lower solubility of C-S-H and hydrated calcium aluminate or silicoaluminate phases will ensure that this is only an intermediate product. Its presence is indicated by the relatively high potassium contents observed in or near to the reacting pfa particles. 

French town (Montmorillon) where it was first discovered. In the USA, bentonite is principally mined in Wyoming - hence the term Wyoming clay . The type of bentonite, the source, and its purity influence its properties (Marchal et al. 1995). Bentonite is a complex hydrated aluminum silicate with exchangeable cationic components (Al, Fe, Mg) Si40io (0H)2 (Na+, Ca++). The most commonly used bentonite form in enology is the sodium bentonite. Sodium bentonite has enhanced protein binding capabilities over calcium bentonite. 

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