Soaking tests

In a 24-h water soaking test, compreg has an ASE value of 95%. The rate of water pickup is so slow that complete swelling equiHbrium of a 1.27-cm specimen is not achieved in a year at room temperature. Compreg is brown and acquires a high poHsh on buffing. It is made commercially in small quantities and is used for knife handles, gears, and certain musical instmments and decorative objects. 

Competent ABM manufaeturers heat soak the eomponents and test them for eompatibility and resistanee to eoiTosion. Extensive ehemieal soak tests were performed in the early 1990s and the results did not... 

Militz (1993) treated European beech with DMDHEU and evaluated the effectiveness of a variety of commercial catalysts. It was found that temperatures of 100 °C were necessary for effective curing of the resin. The ASE was calculated from the dimensions at 100 % RH in comparison to the sample dimensions at 30 % RH, rather than in a water-soak test, so that any possible effect of leaching was not determined. The highest ASE measured in this way was 75 %. The EMC of the treated samples was also determined and found to be higher than unmodified samples in all cases. 

Sebe etal. (2004) reacted wood with IPTES, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Figure 7.9k) or PTMS. Slight swelling of the wood samples was noted after modification, with moderate improvements in ASE (no greater than 25 %). Some loss of material was found during a series of water-soak tests. The authors concluded that there had been... 

All membrane exposures were carried out by soak testing under equilibrium conditions at fixed concentrations and constant pH. Pretreatment chemicals were added to buffer solutions at pH 3.0, 5.8 and 8.6. These buffers, representing an arbitrary pH range were prepared according to directions given by Perrin and Dempsey... 

Soak tests with chlorine were carried out in heavy walled pyrex test chambers of approximately 28 liter capacity. The contents were stirred magnetically by six synchronized stirring bars. Membrane samples were hung from the Incite lid by pyrex hooks. 

Figure 1. Experimental apparatus for soak tests with chlorine...

Figure k—Changes in ovendry (OD) thickness in repeated water-soaking test of aspen flakeboard made from acetylated flakes. O = control + = 7-3 WPG X = 11.5 WPG ... 

The third test was a boil-and-soak test recommended by Dr. Plueddemann [3]. The plates were cut into 2.54 cm wide strips and immersed in boiling water to stimulate an enhanced sanitizing cycle in a typical dishwasher. The plate strips were pulled from the water once an hour and the interface between the polyester and the melamine foil was inspected. This was performed by probing the exposed interface with a stainless steel stylus, attempting to initiate delamination of the two layers. 

In a 24-hr water-soaking test, Compreg has an ASE value of 95 percent. The rate of water... 

As the industry moves toward more exotic chemistries and oxidizers, there may be a need for higher performance (and significantly more expensive ) fiuoropolymers such as PFA and PVDF. To define the appropriate materials for a specific waste treatment system, it is best to design a series of experiments involving soak tests with samples of the CMP waste with the proposed materials of construction. To ensure proper material selection, data collection during the experimentation should include the following ... 

Isocyanates are sensitive to moisture therefore, the reaction needs to be done on dry wood (82). As wood moisture content increases before reaction, more nonbonded polymers are formed after reaction. Reacted moist wood shows very high ASE values on the first water-soak test, but leaching causes a significant loss in ASE. This shows that the bulking chemical is not bonded to the cell wall but comes out upon water leaching. 

Density (g/cm ) IB (psi) 2-h Boil Test 24-h Water Soak Test ... 

Board properties determined were modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), swelling and water absorption after 24-hour water soak. Testing was done according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) 5906 except that 130x 25 mm bending specimens were tested over a 50 mm span. 

Fig. 6 Relationship between ozone charge and water absorption in 24 hr water soak test.

Static soaking tests can also be done which eliminate the contribution of the mechanical action of the abrader test. The surface has a volume of the cleaning solution trapped within a ring (like a rubber washer), and covered to stop evaporation. After a set time the cleaning solution is poured off, the surface rinsed, and the area evaluated (either by eye or by reflectometer) to determine degree of stain removal. This can also be used as a test for damage to the surface by the cleaner if done on an unsoiled surface. 

One test that has more relevance for toilet bowls, especially in high mineral areas, is a test for iron or manganese staining. Either ferric chloride or man-ganese(II) solution is spread on a light etched ceramic tile. The toilet cleaners were tested as static soaking tests with no mechanical action [389],... 

Fig. 3.8. Dependence of (a) initial capacity and (b) initial discharge time during CCA test of batteries soaked and formed in 1.05, 1.15, and 1.25 rel. dens. H2SO4 on time of soaking. Tests...

Figures 4 and 5 show the soak test results for two alloy candidates, one that experienced performance loss (Figure 4) and one with a new formulation that did not (Figure 5).

Figure 4. Soak Test Results Showing Alloy...

Figure 5. Soak Test Results for an Alloy that is Stable at Elevated Temperatures...

Several methods exist for determining seed-coat crack percent es, including a soak test where soybeans are immersed in a 0.1% solution of sodium hypochlorite for 5 min. Soybeans with seed-coat cracks or openings quickly absorb the sodium hypochlorite solution and swell to two to three times their original size (Rodda et al., 1973). 

The final strains reached in soaking tests performed at different temperatures are plotted as a function of the temperature and overload of the test in Figure 6 (Villar Loret 2002). 

The results of swelling tests are shown in Figure 7, in which the dispersion of data can be mostly attributed to the variations in dry density caused by the small displacement allowed by the equipment. A clear decrease of swelling pressure as a function of temperature is observed. This behaviour is well-matched with the observed increase in the compressibility of the bentonite in the compression tests and the reduction of swelling strains in the soaking tests. Lingnau et al. (1996) and Romero et al. (2003) found also a reduction in swelling pressure with temperature for a sand/bentonite mixture and for a moderately expansive clay, respectively. 

A decrease of the final swelling strain on isothermal suction reduction has been observed at elevated temperatures in both suction controlled and soaking tests. This effect can be explained by transfer induced by temperature between intra-aggregate adsorbed water and inter-aggregate free water. Swelling pressure also decreases with temperature. This decrease may be explained by the reduction of the swelling capacity and of the size of the elastic domain at high temperatures. 

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