Expansion of clays

Dispersion, 381, 393 Flocculation, 367 Suspended solids, 377-389 Saturated hydraulic conductivity, 393 Expansion of clays, 395... 

Ritchie, T., Moisture Expansion of Clay Bricks and Brickwork, National Research... 

Moisture Expansion of Clay Bricks, Transactions and Journal of the British Ceramic Society, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp 79-82 (1983). 

Young, J.E., and Brownell, W.E., Moisture Expansion of Clay Products,7. Am. Ceram. 

Wyatt, K.J., Restrained Moisture Expansion of Clay Masonry, J. Austrai. Ceram. Soc.,... 

England, 8 April 1983 Lomax, J., and Ford, R.W., Investigations into a Method for Assessing the Long Term Moisture Expansion of Clay Bricks Beard, R., Dinnie, A., and Sharpies, A.B., Movement of Brickwork-A Review of 21 Years Experience. 

In nanoparticle-polymer composites, thermal stability is one of the most important property enhancements. Recently, some theoretical efforts have been made to predict the thermal stability of such composites. For example, FEM and the theory of Chow have been used to predict the thermal expansion of clay-polymer nanocomposites. The results indicate that it is possible to considerably reduce and eventually match the thermal expansion of metal and polymer parts by dispersing a small amount of exfoliated muscovite mica platelets into a polymer matrix. Moreover, reduction is controlled by the product of aspect ratio and volume fraction of the platelets. 

Other interesting Langmuir monolayer systems include spread thermotropic liquid crystals where a foam structure forms on expansion from a collapsed state [23]. Spread monolayers of clay dispersions form a layer of overlapping clay platelets that can be subsequently deposited onto solid substrates [24]. 

The catalytic application of clays is related closely to their swelling properties. Appropriate swelling enables the reactant to enter the interlamellar region. The ion exchange is usually performed in aquatic media because the swelling of clays in organic solvents, and thus the expansion of the interlayer space, is limited and it makes it difficult for a bulky metal complex to penetrate between the layers. Nonaqueous intercalation of montmorillonite with a water-sensitive multinuclear manganese complex was achieved, however, with the use of nitromethane as solvent.139 The complex cation is intercalated parallel to the sheets. 

The pillared clays were also characterized by XRD. The [001] reflection characteristic of the expansion of the clay Is due to Insertion of the hydroxyalumlnum polycations between the clay layers. In Figure 5 the traces of the [001] reflection are shown... 

Morphological structures and properties of a series of poly(ethyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposites prepared by the two distinctively different techniques of in situ ATRP and solution blending were studied by Datta et al. [79]. Tailor-made PNCs with predictable molecular weights and narrow polydispersity indices were prepared at different clay loadings. WAXD and studies revealed that the in situ approach is the better option because it provided an exfoliated morphology. By contrast, conventional solution blending led only to interlayer expansion of the clay gallery. 

Clay Minerals and Clay Colloids. The literature on clays and clay colloids is expansive, but there remains a degree of uncertainty in many areas of their study due to their inherent heterogeneity. Descriptions of the structures and properties of clay minerals can be found in Grim (1968), Brindley and Brown (1980), Newman and Brown (1987), Sposito et al. (1999), and Giese and van Oss (2002). 

Morgenstem, N. R., and Balasubramonian, B. I. (1980). Effects of pore fluid on the swelling of clay shale. In 4th International Conference on Expansive Soils, pp. 190-205. Denver. 

---