Smoking sample preparation

In carbon smoke samples prepared from vaporized graphite at elevated quenching gas pressures (e.g.> 100 Torr He) new absorption features have been observed in the infrared (the strongest at 1429, 1183, 577, and 528 cm ). Broader features also have been observed in the ultraviolet (the strongest at 340, 270, and 220 nm). By studying C-enriched samples we have shown that the infrared absorptions are produced by large, pure carbon molecules. The evidence supports the idea that the features are produced by the icosahedral molecule. 

Given the above observations it was essential in the present study that multiple test methods be used, representing evaluation of the effects of coatings on ignitability, flame spread, heat release, ease of extinction, and smoke. Samples should be commercially prepared and representative of materials commonly used in business machine applications. 

This sample preparation method involves steam distillation of the volatile organic components of a sample followed by preconcentration by LEE using a water-insoluble solvent. SDE served as unique clean-up and preconcentration step before derivatization, in the GC-MS determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and aromatic amines in particulate phase mainstream cigarette smoke . Preconcentration by the SDE... 

Bao, M., M. Sharifi, P. loza, and T. Field Determination of twenty polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke by automated sample preparation and gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry 56th Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 56, Paper No. 65, 2002, pp. 59-60. 

Studies related to oxidation of IM meats have been discussed by Okon-kwo (1984) and Okonkwo et al. (1992a,b). With smoked beef prepared by cook-soak equilibrium in a solution containing sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, and potassium sorbate and smoked for 4 or 18 hr at 50°C, oxidation was not a serious problem. TEA values were low and all samples possessed no detectable rancidity. 

Formation, factors affecting concentrations, legal limits and occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat products and smoke flavor additives are briefly reviewed by Simko. The most widely employed techniques such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are evaluated. Moreover, sample preparation, pre-separation procedures, separation and detection systems being used for the determination have been evaluated with emphasis on the latest developments in applied food analysis and... 

The sample preparation procedures were similar for both of these studies. Smoke aerosols of the materials of interest were produced in the laboratory under either nonflaming or flaming combustion conditions, and the material produced collected on glass fiber filters. The volatile organic fraction was removed from the collected material by gentle heating (50 to 55°C) under vacuum for 24 to 48 h. A portion of the nonvolatile material was then subjected to analysis by Py-MS using a Curie-point pyrolyzer (510°C) interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectrometer via an expansion chamber. 

C in TG-FTIR measurement (792 cm ) of a brominated polystyrene sample [365]. On-the-spot TG-FTIR of PBT/octabromodiphenyl ether (MW 801 Da) detected the brominated diphenylether flame retardant at 275° C and terephthalic acid (the starting monomer of PBT) at 425°C [310]. Similar high-MW species have never been reported in TG-MS experiments the flame retardant was not observed in off-line TG-GC-FTIR-MS analysis. In an examination of an ABS/PC blend with 8% triphenylphosphate (TPP), in addition to the EGP, the SGPs for the specific wavenumber windows of TPP (900-1200 cm ), aromatic compounds (3000-3100 cm ), and carbon oxides originating from PC (2200-2300 cm ), were obtained. TPP evolving first was detected at about 150°C (detection limit 0.5 /xg/s) [310]. Anthony [366] has used FTIR spectroscopy to examine TG residues and diffuse reflectance as the means of sample preparation for the study of interactions between pyromellitate polyesters (smoke suppressants) and polyurethane foams. This was achieved by interrupting the thermal analysis at selected points on the TG curve. In... 

Earlier studies at the ITRI have demonstrated the effectiveness of tin(IV) oxide, both in its anhydrous and hydrous forms, as a flame- and smoke-retardant additive for laboratory-prepared polyester resin formulations (J5j. In a recent study, carried out in collaboration with a major U.K. company, a number of inorganic tin additives have been incorporated into a commercial brominated polyester resin. Although this resin, which contains 28% by weight bromine, is intrinsically flame-retardant, giving samples with an 01 of ca. 41 and which meet the UL94-VO classification, formulations with improved flame and smoke properties are sought. 

In the present study DSC and TGA data were run on DuPont 910 and DuPont 951 instruments, respectively. Arapahoe Smoke Chamber results were obtained on a commercial apparatus. Coated samples used were commercially prepared zinc arc spray samples on Noryl FN 215 Structural Foam. 

Move the sample tube in toward the smoke source from all directions at this level to the point where particle counts show a sudden and rapid rise to high levels (lO per cubic foot). This defines the envelope of dispersion away from the smoke source and demonstrates the airflow parallelism control of the room. Repeat for all grid areas. Prepare a diagram showing grid areas and corresponding dispersion envelopes. 

In preparing the add back solution, one should adjust the smoke flavour component concentration to twice the amount found being used per hour. The add back solution should be used at the rate of approximately twice the normal usage rate found per hour. Add back should be followed up by laboratory analysis for smoke component concentrations. Hourly samples should be taken from the drench solution during a production run for at least the first day or two in order to fine tune the system as to the exact amount of add back needed to maintain a consistent colour. 

Mechoulam, Chemistry and Biochemistry of Cannabis," 76 75 L.E. Hollister, Tetrahydrocannabinol Isomers and Homologues Contrasted Effects of Smoking, Nature 111 (1970) 968 G.W. Kinzer et al., The Fate of the Cannabinoid Components of Marijuana During Smoking, Bulletin on Narcotics 26 (1974) 41 A.R. Patel and G.B. Gori, Preparation and Monitoring of Marijuana Smoke Condensate Samples, Bulletin on Narcotics 27 (1975) 47. 

Patel, A.R., and Gori, G.B. Preparation and Monitoring of Marijuana Smoke Condensate Samples. Bulletin on Narcotics 27 (1975) 47. 

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