Smoke condensates

These are prepared by drawing the distillation and combustion products from damp hardwood sawdust into a condenser fitted with an electrostatic precipitator. This removes all particulate matter from the condensate, which is collected and settled to allow separation into aqueous and tarry phases. The clear aqueous phase is the desired product. 

Modem generators produce smoke under carefully controlled conditions of combustion temperature and air flow. Sawdusts of hickory, maple, and oak woods 

More recent manufacturing processes consist of inclined rotary calciners. Sawdust is fed continuously into one end of the inclined tube and discharged at the other end as charcoal. The vapors are handled as already described. The rate of feed, inclination of the tube, and rate of air flow are optimized to give a product with the best smoke flavor and the lowest content of polycyclic aromatics. 

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Hengy H, Thirion J. 1971. Determination of thiodan and thiodan sulfate on tobacco and in smoke condensate. Beitr Tabakforsch 6 57-61. 

Palozza, P, A. Sheriff, S. Serini et al. 2005. Lycopene induces apoptosis in immortalized fibroblasts exposed to tobacco smoke condensate through arresting cell cycle and down-regulating cyclin Dl, pAKT and pBad. Apoptosis 10(6) 1445-1456. 

Palozza, P. Serini, S. Di Nicuolo, R et al. 2004a. Beta-carotene exacerbates DNA oxidative damage and modifies p53-related pathways of cell proliferation and apoptosis in cultured cells exposed to tobacco smoke condensate. Carcinogenesis 25 1315-1325. 

Perocco, P., Paolini, M. Mazzullo, M. Biagi, GL., and Cantelli-Forti, G. 1999. Beta-carotene as enhancer of cell transforming activity of powerful carcinogens and cigarette-smoke condensate on BALB/c 3T3 cells in vitro. Mutat Res 440 83-90. 

Jansson T, Curvall M, Hedin A, et al. 1986. In vitro studies of biological effects of cigarette smoke condensate. II. Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes by weakly acidic, semivolatile constituents. MutatRes 169 129-139. 

Pool PL, Lin PZ. 1982. Mutagenicity testing in the Salmonella typhimurium assay of phenolic compounds and phenolic fractions obtained from smokehouse smoke condensates. Food Chem Toxicol 29 383-391. 

In 1991, Dillman and Cardellina reported the isolation of 1-methylcarbazole (384) from extracts of the sponge Tedania ignis collected in the shallow waters of Bermuda (350). This was the first report on the isolation of 1-methylcarbazole from a marine invertebrate (350). Prior to this isolation, 1-methylcarbazole was detected, along with other methylcarbazole derivatives as major components of cigarette smoke condensate (351). This isolate showed insecticidal and antimicrobial activity (352), but was shown to be non-mutagenic (353). 

Novotny M, Merli F, Wiesler D, et al. 1982. Fractionation and capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterization of the neutral components in marijuana and tobacco smoke condensates. J Chromatogr 238(1) 141-150. 

Lasnitzki, I., and Bollag, W. (1982). PrevenKon and reversal by a retinoid of 3,4-benzpyrene and cigarette smoke condensate-induced hyperplasia of rodent respiratory epithelia in organ culture. Cancer Treat Rep. 66,1375-1380. 

Rutten, A. A., Wilmer, J. W., and Beems, R. B. (1988a). Effects of all-trans retinol and cigarette smoke condensate on hamster tracheal epithelium in organ culture. I. A cell proliferation study. Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Inch Mol. Pathol. 55,167-175. 

CS054 Zamir-Ul Hag, M., S. J. Rose, L. R. Deiderich and A. R. Patel. Identification and quantitative measurement of some n-heterocyclics in marijuana smoke condensates. Anal Chem 1974 46 1781. 

Aponte and M. Montenegro. Effects of the resin and smoke condensate of CS197 Cannabis sativa on the oestrous cycle of the rat. Bull Nar 1981 33(3) 55-61. 

Allergenic activity. Cigarette smoke condensate, in cell culture at concentrations of 6.6-20 Ig/mL, produced an inhibition of... 

Cervical carcinoma. Smoke condensate, in human papillomavirus 18-immortalized ectocervical cells (HEC-18-1C), produced an invasive squamous cell carcinoma, from which was established a clonal line of cells (HEC-18-1CT). The moderate passage malignantly transformed HEC-18-1CT displayed severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ in raft culture . 

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