Smoke Producing Generator

These generators vaporize a liquid (oil/mineral oil or glycol and water), which then condenses into a fine aerosol on contact with cooler air. The amount of smoke produced should be controllable by the liquid feed rate and the temperature of the heating chamber, but in practice the output is not ea.sy to control. They will, however, produce a large amount of smoke over a long periled, dhe generators are relatively expensive (several hundred ECUs), are bulky, are not generally portable, and require an electrical connection. 

Kennedy describes a method using an ultrasonic nebulizer to generate a fog of water droplets w hich is used in the same way as smoke to visualize airflows. Several types of nebulizers are available but they require an electrical connection and are not hand-held. Food dye can be added to the water to produce colored fog. The nebulizers are expensive (about 1500 ECU) but have negligible operating costs. Although the amount of smoke produced is small, it is nontoxic and nonirritating. 

One of the generators, namely Parachute Recognition Smoke Generator was described in TM 9-1985-2 (1953), pp 89-92 and in Ref 3, pp Ger 183—84. Its Fig shown there is not reproduced here because it is t o com plicated. The device consisted of an A1 cylinder, divided into two sections, one housing the canisters with smoke producing compn, while the other the parachute. The smoke compn consisted of a heat-stable blue dye 42 mixed with K chlorate 33 lactose 25%. As priming compn BkPdr was used. 

Chemical Pots or Smoke Pots Portable containers, usually cylindrical in shape, filled with a chemical smoke-producing agent. They may be subdivided into "burning and "generator types. The former type is usually filled with a mixt consisting of HC 47, ZnO 47 granulated A1 6% when ignited it burns with evoln of dense smoke. 

Uses For producing screening smokes (British attack on Zeebrugge). In combination with ammonia vapor it forms smokes which resemble natural fog and which are effective for camouflaging troop or ship movements. The smoke is generated from a smoke funnel. One cylinder contains liquid ammonia the other cylinder is charged with silicon tetrachloride containing about 10 per cent carbon dioxide under a maximum pressnre of 550 lb/sq. in. at 55°. 

The second method was to produce a white smoke by the reaction of ( crtain chemicals, such as sulfur trioxide and chlorsulfonic acid, in special generators placed on the aft deck of the ship. The Olerman Navy made experiments with such chemical-smoke producers as early as 1906 to 1909,... 

The smoke produced from crude oil may be generated in three ways ... 

Kotwithstanding the tendency to clog up the flues by depositing solid carbon therein, all modem navies use this method of producing smoke screens at sea. It requires no special apparatus, is cheap, and can readily generate large screens in a short time. Two ounces of crude oil are required to produce 1,000 cu. ft, of stondard smol e and the cost is 8 cents this is therefore the cheapest of all artificial smoke producers,... 

Tims 1 lb. of phosphorus combines with 1.33 lb. of oxygen and 0.9 lb. of water to form 3.23 lb. of pliosphoric acid, which makes phosphorus the best smoke producer, pound for pound, of any know n material. The red phosphorus does not equal white phosphorus for generating smoke and for that reason is seldom used alone, but it ha. lieen mixed with white pliosphonis in the ratio of 1 2 in artillery and trench-mortar smoke shell. 

Fuming sulphuric acid. Used as a smoke producer in WWI. Dripped onto a bed of quick lime much heat generated evaporation of the acid condensation into tine droplets, the acid is hygroscopic. Dense fog produced. 

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