Slaughter waste

Numerous enzymes can be isolated from slaughter waste or from cheap mammalian organs, such as kidney or liver. 

The synthesis of porphyrins from monopyrrolic, dipyrrolic, tripyrrolic and tctrapyrrolic precursors requires, even for an experienced porphyrin chemist, a substantial amount of time and effort to accomplish. As an alternative to these total synthetic routes, nature provides a source of prefabricated porphyrins. Among the several porphyrins which can be isolated from natural material,s the red blood pigment heme, protoporphyrin dimethyl ester81 b and hemato-porphyrin, both derived from heme, are the only compounds which can be obtained in sufficient amounts. Heme is available in almost unlimited amounts from slaughter-house waste. From 1 L of blood ca. 1 g of heme can be isolated.81 b Currently, heme is offered commercially by chemical retailers at a relatively low price so that is cheaper to buy hemin than to perform a self-isolation in the laboratory. 

The microbial sensor was applied to the estimation of the BOD of waste waters. Three kinds of industrial untreated waste water — slaughter-house, food factory, and alcohol factory — were employed in the experiments. Relative error of BOD estimation of industrial wastewaters was within 10% campared to 5-day BOD test. Assay could be done within 20 min. No decrease in current output was observed over a 30-day period. 

Dalev PG. Utilisation of waste feathers from poultry slaughter for production of a protein concentrate. Bioresour Technol 1994 48 265-267. 

Apart from skins and hides there are other products of the slaughter-house, such as horn, blood, hair and bristles, waste wool and the like, from which valuable chemicals such as cyanide are produced. Glue, too, is made from the chippings of hides, horns and hoofs, which are washed in lime-water, boiled, skimmed, strained, evaporated, cooled in moulds, cut into convenient pieces and dried on nets. The processes axe nowadays supervised by trained chemists. 

It was shown how industrial waste like surplus whey, crude glycerol phase, lignocellu-loses, molasses and residues from the slaughtering and biodiesel industry can be upgraded to substrates for biopolymer production. Applying such waste streams as carbon source can be regarded as the most promising route to make the entire PHA biopolymer production process economically competitive this is valid for bulk plastics made of petrochemical competitors as well as for special polymers currently used for niche products. 

Soaps made from imimal Itefase.— Although it is well known that caustic alkalies will saponify animal tissues, membraneous matters, and indeed all parts of animals except the bone, this source of soap-making material has not been much explored in this country. On the Continent, however, some attention has been devoted to this subject, and many processes devised for utilizing slaughterers offal and batchers waste as soap materioL Some of these processes are given in Dussauce s Treatise, from which we make a few extracts —... 

Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewaters. Wastewaters from slaughterhouses contain proteins, iron, fats, and phosphoms. Different slaughterhouse wastes will also differ in quality due to many factors, such as the quality and quantity of animals slaughtered, various procedures used, working time, and the quantity of water used. 

In the UK, poultry waste is legally defined as the product obtained by drying and grinding waste from slaughtered poultry. The product must be substantially free of feathers (Feeding Stuffs Regulations 2005). 

A by-product is a substance that is unavoidably generated in the elaboration of a more valued product (28). It should be noted that this is an economic definition, so most of the effort of the manufacturer will concentrate on the quality of the product, while the by-product poses burdens of cost for storage, transport, and disposal. These costs must be borne by the product itself unless some market can be found for the by-product. A by-product for which no use has been found is a waste product that has to be disposed of, with costs incurred and environmental consequences. Of the farm animals grown and slaughtered for meat, only the muscles and a few internal organs are desirable butcher meat. 

Scenario II In contrast to the previous setting, the system boundaries for biodiesel from tallow are set outside the gate of the slaughtering house. Rendering products leaving the slaughtering process are considered as waste-stream comparable to UVO in scenario I. These render products are... 

Solid waste. Useless, unwanted, or discarded material with insufficient liquid content to be free-flowing. (Also see Waste.) (1) Agricultural—solid waste that results from the raising and slaughtering of animals, as well as the processing of animal products and orchard and field crops. (2) Commercial— waste generated by stores, offices, and other activities that do not actually turn out a product. (3) Industrial—waste that results... 

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