Size separation volume

Physical Properties. Physical properties of importance include particle size, density, volume fraction of intraparticle and extraparticle voids when packed into adsorbent beds, strength, attrition resistance, and dustiness. These properties can be varied intentionally to tailor adsorbents to specific apphcations (See Adsorption liquid separation Aluminum compounds, aluminum oxide (alumna) Carbon, activated carbon Ion exchange Molecular sieves and Silicon compounds, synthetic inorganic silicates). 

FIGURE 9.4 Selecting columns according to molar mass range of sample the small pore size column has a separation volume of 1.3 ml (and partial exclusion above 200 kDa) and the other column is well selected with a separation volume of 2.7 ml. 

A variety of equipment has been developed for gas cleaning. The principal types used in the process industries are listed in Table 10.11, which is adapted from a selection guide given by Sargent (1971). Table 10.11 shows the general field of application of each type in terms of the particle size separated, the expected separation efficiency, and the throughput. It can be used to make a preliminary selection of the type of equipment likely to be suitable for a particular application. Descriptions of the equipment shown in Table 10.11 can be found in various handbooks Perry et al. (1997), Schweitzer (1997) and in specialist texts Strauss (1975). Gas cleaning is also covered in Volume 2, Chapter 1. 

Anderson, R., Rasor, E. and Van Ryn, F., Particle size separation via soil washing to obtain volume reduction, J. Hazard. Mater., 66, 89-98, 1999. 

In the SEC mode, the separation occurs according to the molecular size of a macromolecule in solution, which is dependent on its chain length, chemical composition, solvent, and temperature. Thus, molecules of the same chain length but different composition may have different molecular sizes (hydrodynamic volumes). Since SEC separates according to hydrodynamic volume, SEC in different eluents can separate a copolymer in two diverging directions. This principle of... 

The testing of battery separators and control of their pore characteristics are important requirements for proper functioning of batteries. Mercury porosim-etry has been historically used to characterize the separators in terms of percentage porosity, mean pore size and pore size distribution. In this method, the size and volume of pores in a material are measured by determining the quantity of mercury, which can be forced into the pores at increasing pressure. Mercury does not wet most materials, and a force must be applied to overcome the surface tension forces opposing entry into the pores. 

In comparison to the results obtained for the samples prepared with hexane, it can be concluded that the mean pore size and volume fraction do not depend on the initial concentration of the solvent, ( )o, but mainly on the difference between ( )o and (Fig. 25). Similar qualitative results are also reported for rubber-modified epoxies prepared via reaction induced phase separation [103]. 

Process by which phase domains increase in size during the aging of a multiphase material. Note 1 In the coarsening at the late stage of phase separation, volumes and compositions of phase domains are conserved. 

Size exclusion chromatography is a unique separation technique based on molecular size (hydrodynamic volume) differences among solutes. The distribution coefficient of an eluting solute is defined as... 

Cheynier, V. et al.. Size separation of condensed tannins by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In Methods in Enzymology, Volume 299. Oxidants and Antioxidants. Part A. (ed. L. Packer), Academic Press, San Diego, 1999, p. 178. 

GPC in dendrimer chemistry Since the principle of separation of GPC is based on the different sizes (hydrodynamic volumes) of the molecules, this is an ideal... 

Exclusion Volume—In size-exclusion chromatography, Vo, the volume of solvent necessary to washout unretarded compounds too large to penetrate the pores of a size-separation column. The inclusion volume, 2Vo, is the elution volume needed to elute all compounds small enough to fully penetrate the pores. 

Run the Vessize program, clicking on the Run Start button. (See Fig. 4.5.) Please note the input data and the output answers. This program sizes the vessel, based on the gas volume rate. You pick a vessel diameter and also input the fraction of the cross-section area you want the vessel to have. With the physical property data and flow rates input as shown, the program calculates a vessel length required to make the average liquid droplet size separation. 

Basically all process parameters, some of which are fixed and some of which are variable, influence the quality of the final product of the precipitation. Usually precipitates with specific properties are desired. These properties could be the nature of the phase formed, chemical composition, purity, particle size, surface area, pore sizes, pore volumes, separability from the mother liquor, and many more, including the demands which arc imposed by the requirements of downstream processes, like drying, pelletizing, or calcination. It is therefore necessary to optimize the parameters in order... 

If the sample is readily soluble in the mobile phase, GPC is unmatched by any other mode of chromatography for simplicity, since the entire analysis is accomplished in a column volume. The time and effort required to develop a separation is less than any other mode of HPLC. It can be of immense value in the purification or organic and inorganic synthesis reaction mixtures, purification of natural products extracts, and for the rapid clean-up of extracts (from plants, insects, soil, etc.) prior to the assay of small molecules. Aqueous size separation is referred to as gel filtration chromatography and is very useful for protein separations and the analysis of water-soluble polymers. 

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