Inclusion volume

Fig. 6. The variation of the heat capacity jumps at the respective glass transition temperatures versus inclusion-volume contents of iron-epoxy particulates of different diameters of inclusions. In the same figure is presented the variation of the coefficients X for the same composites and volume contents...

As soon as the Ar s were determined and the values of r s are found, the values of the adhesion coefficient A may be readily defined by using relation (27). The values of A s for the different inclusion-volume contents studied are given in Table I for iron-epoxy particulate composites with different amounts of fillers, up to 25 percent l4>. 

Moreover, the mesophase-volume fractions Oj for the same inclusion-contents were determined from the experimental values of heat-capacity jumps ACp at the respective glass transition temperatures T f by applying Lipatov s theory. Fig. 7 presents the variation of the differences Ars oi the radii of the mesophase and the inclusion (rf), versus the inclusion volume content, uf, for three different diameters of inclusions varying between df = 150 pm and df = 400 pm. 

Fig. 7. The variation of the differences Ar, of the radii mesophases and inclusions (rf), versus the inclusion volume content uf for three different diameters of inclusions...

Fig. 8. The variation of the mesophase (i)j), and matrix, (vj, volume contents, versus the respective inclusion volume content, uf, for the three types of iron-epoxy particulates of respective diameters df = 150, 300 and 400 pm...

From the values of Ap for the various inclusion contents, the u, s and um s were calculated and plotted in Fig. 8, versus the inclusion volume content. It is apparent from these graphs that the mesophase volume content Uj for the three different diameters of inclusions varied only insignificantly and therefore they may be assumed as independent of the diameters of inclusions. 

In this relation the only unknown is the exponent 2q, which may be calculated by introducing the appropriate values for all known quantities, corresponding to each inclusion volume content of the particulate studied. 

Fig. 12 presents the variation of the mesophase moduli, Ej(r), for the various inclusion-volume fractions, versus the extent of the mesophase Ar, normalized to the highest inclusion-volume fraction of 25 percent. This was done in order to show the similarity of variation of the Ermodulus for the various values of uf for this series of composites, possessing the same adhesion properties between them. These normalized patterns are equivalent with those presented in Fig. 11 for the three-term unfolding model, since the differences between corresponding values of the two versions of the model are insignificant. 

Fig. 7.1. Sketches of periodic MC realizations with 8, 27, and 64 spheres in disordered unit cells. Seven MC realizations with 8 spheres per unit cell, 4 realizations with 27, and 1 with 64 were employed. All microstructures studied had the same inclusion volume fraction of 0.27... 

Ksec = 0 when the molecule hydrodynamic radius is higher than the mean pore diameter. KSEC is 1 with small molecules, which can easily penetrate into the pores. The most important parameters influencing resolution are the pore volume, pore size distribution, and particle size. The separation domain is between the exclusion volume Va and the inclusion volume ( V0 + Vp). 

Exclusion Volume—In size-exclusion chromatography, Vo, the volume of solvent necessary to washout unretarded compounds too large to penetrate the pores of a size-separation column. The inclusion volume, 2Vo, is the elution volume needed to elute all compounds small enough to fully penetrate the pores. 

This is, by no means, an all-inclusive volume on the subject. Rather, it is hoped that this volume will be a ground-breaking one to set some rules, to develop a consistent terminology, and to point the way to further research in this area. The results presented here no doubt will stimulate the authors and readers and, hopefully, will whet their appetite. Maybe in a year or two we will be able to have a longer, more specialized conference that will completely cover the subject. 

Eichler, J., Houghten, R. A., and Lebl, M. (1996) Inclusion volume solid-phase peptide synthesis. J. Peptide Sci. 2, 240-244. 

In contrast, inclusions form more readily in carbonates and evaporites but these have an intrinsic tendency to experience recrystaUization or neomorphism. Leaking inclusions, precipitation of minerals inside the inclusion volume, and also necking-down phenomena may alter dramatically the internal pressure and volume ratios in the inclusions from the time of its initial entrapment, making microthermometric observations more difficult to translate directly into trapping temperature (cf. Roedder 1984 Ned-kvitne et al. 1993). This temperature is needed to decipher the time for entrapment by the use of the burial history for the trap (Karlsen et al. 1993). This type of application of inclusions as tape recorders for reservoir filling is in carbonates best done with the help of detailed cathodo-luminesence or backscatter techniques so that the various diagenetic events can be traced in detail. 

It is well established from case histories (e.g. Skalnes 1993 Johansen 1997 and Fig. 17) that two and sometime three different types of petroleum inclusion can conveniently be detected and classified in individual thick section samples representing individual sandstone units (see also this principle illustrated in Fig. 20). These inclusions are discernible from their physical characteristics, i.e. their fluorescent colours and the relative size of the gas bubble as compared with inclusion volume. These inclusions are normally interpreted as representing different generations... 

The polymer was treated with 0.5N NaOH for 24 hr, the reaction mixture neu tralized, and passed onto a column of Bio-Gel P-2. The products were eluted with distilled, deionized water and the was determined in each fraction. The void and inclusion volumes of the column occur at 42 45 and 100-105, respectively. 

Figure 5.6. Dependence of relative difference of inclusion volume fraction of TiCU-Al(i-C4H9)3 catalyst particles on the axis of tubular turbulent pre-reactor of divergent-convergent design and its peripheral part on particles diameter d2 and linear rate of reaction mixture...

Thus, in SEC, the contribution of the system to extracolumn band broadening is best studied for a small molecular weight solute that elutes in the total inclusion volume. 

The location of the maximum stress concentration moves away from the particle surface with increasing inclusion volume fraction and its actual position depends on the spatial packing of the inclusions. In Chapter 6, it was shown that not much of a difference is seen in the shape of the stress field around an elastomer inclusion, a void, and a rigid inclusion with no adhesion to the matrix. 

Figure 9.29 Data for grain size of AI2O3 (after annealing for 100 hour at 1700 C) as a function of SiC inclusion volume fraction, compared with the predictions of the Zener model and computer simulations. (From Ref. 60.)...

Matrix relative density = pm Inclusion volume fraction = v,... 

Matrix relative density = 1 inclusion volume fraction = w... 

When the sintering data for ceramic matrices with controlled amounts of rigid inclusions are compared with the predictions of the rule of mixtures, drastic deviations are found, particularly for polycrystalline powder matrices. Figure 11.15 shows the sintering data for a polycrystalline ZnO powder matrix (particle size —0.4 xm) with different amounts of coarse, inert SiC inclusions (size = 14 p.m) (26). The inclusions severely reduce the densification of the composite relative to that for the free ZnO matrix, and for inclusion volume fractions v, greater than —20 vol%, densification is almost completely inhibited. Data for a soda-lime glass powder (particle size = 4 pim) containing controlled amounts of coarse, inert SiC inclusions (particle size = 35 p.m) are shown in Fig. 11.16 (27). The... 

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