Situational aspects

Sachs, B. D. 1995b. Neural and situational aspects of noncontact erection in rats. Paper presented at 27th Annual Conference on Reproductive Behavior, Boston, June 9—12. 

ZlO-2005 tersely states its purpose in Section 1.2 as follows The primary purpose of this standard is to provide a management tool to reduce the risk of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. This question logically follows. What risk reduction level is to be achieved This chapter Establishes that achieving a zero risk level is unattainable Discusses the great variations in cultural and situational aspects of risk acceptance and Combines the elements of risk (probability and severity) with ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) to arrive at a definition of acceptable risk, the operational goal. 

The term safety climate has a very similar meaning to safety culture. Put simply, the term safety culture is used to describe behavioural aspects (what people do), and the situational aspects of the company (what the company has). The term safety climate is used to refer to how people feel about safety in the organisation (HSG48, Safety culture Human Factors Briefing Note No 7. ... 

Personal Information [6] includes (1) the information a person keeps for personal use (e.g. files), (2) information about a person but kept by and under the control of others (e.g. health information), (3) information experienced by a person but outside the person s control (e.g. books or Web sites browsed), and (4) information directed to a person (e.g. email). The unique situational aspect of the working environment [7] makes it difficult to study PIM as compared to general information storage and retrieval (ISAR) systems [7],... 

The definitions of socio-configuration and situation vector so far completely leave open which aspects of individual attitudes and which aspects of the material situation have to be taken into account. Of course, it cannot be expected that all individual and situational aspects can be treated simultaneously. It is initially a sufficient achievement to be able to describe the subdynamics of a sector of a given society represented in a subspace of SI and... 

The main problem of such an analysis consists in the selection of a set of individual and situational aspects whose dynamics can be separated emd decoupled from the rest of the variables over the considered period of time. The queility and validity of a model depends on this possibility of selecting a few variables with self-contained dynamics. 

The potential advantages of LPG concern essentially the environmental aspects. LPG s are simple mixtures of 3- and 4-carbon-atom hydrocarbons with few contaminants (very low sulfur content). LPG s contain no noxious additives such as lead and their exhaust emissions have little or no toxicity because aromatics are absent. This type of fuel also benefits often enough from a lower taxation. In spite of that, the use of LPG motor fuel remains static in France, if not on a slightly downward trend. There are several reasons for this situation little interest from automobile manufacturers, reluctance on the part of automobile customers, competition in the refining industry for other uses of and fractions, (alkylation, etherification, direct addition into the gasoline pool). However, in 1993 this subject seems to have received more interest (Hublin et al., 1993). 

In an ideal situation we would like to have a balanced combination between evaluation of the welder s performance on one hand, and a fracture mechanics basis on the other hand in tenns of "being certain that a defect with dimensions exceeding a certain critical value is not present". The second aspect could be regarded as a safety net with a balanced conservatism. 

These concluding chapters deal with various aspects of a very important type of situation, namely, that in which some adsorbate species is distributed between a solid phase and a gaseous one. From the phenomenological point of view, one observes, on mechanically separating the solid and gas phases, that there is a certain distribution of the adsorbate between them. This may be expressed, for example, as ria, the moles adsorbed per gram of solid versus the pressure P. The distribution, in general, is temperature dependent, so the complete empirical description would be in terms of an adsorption function ria = f(P, T). 

As a general rule, adsorbates above their critical temperatures do not give multilayer type isotherms. In such a situation, a porous absorbent behaves like any other, unless the pores are of molecular size, and at this point the distinction between adsorption and absorption dims. Below the critical temperature, multilayer formation is possible and capillary condensation can occur. These two aspects of the behavior of porous solids are discussed briefly in this section. Some lUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) recommendations for the characterization of porous solids are given in Ref. 178. 

In molecular physics, the topological aspect has met its analogue in the Jahn-Teller effect [47,157] and, indeed, in any situation where a degeneracy of electronic states is encountered. The phase change was discussed from various viewpoints in [144,158-161] and [163]. 

I ll e con cept of a param cter set is an iin port an t (but often in con vc-nicnl) aspect of molecular m cchan ics calculation s. Molecular m ech an ics tries (o use experirn cn la I data to replace a priori com pu-tation, but in m an y situation s the experirn en tal data is n ot kn own and a parameter is missing. Collecting parameters, verification of their validity, and the relation ship of these molecular mechanics parameters to chemical and structural moieties are all important an d difficult topics. 

The same situation is observed in the series of alkyl-substituted derivatives. Electron-donating alkyl substituents induce an activating effect on the basicity and the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen lone pair that can be counterbalanced by a deactivating and decelerating effect resulting from the steric interaction of ortho substituents. This aspect of the reactivity of thiazole derivatives has been well investigated (198, 215, 446, 452-456) and is discussed in Chapter HI. 

The advantages of INDO over CNDO involve situations where the spin state and other aspects of electron spin are particularly important. For example, in the diatomic molecule NH, the last two electrons go into a degenerate p-orbital centered solely on the Nitrogen. Two well-defined spectroscopic states, S" and D, result. Since the p-orbital is strictly one-center, CNDO results in these two states having exactly the same energy. The INDO method correctly makes the triplet state lower in energy in association with the exchange interaction included in INDO. 

Next we apply this distribution to the case where F = 0, that is, to the case where no fronts have crossed point x. There are several aspects to note about this situation ... 

In order to carry out an experimental study of the kinetics of crystallization, it is first necessary to be able to measure the fraction d of polymer crystallized. While this is necessary, it is not sufficient we must also be able to follow changes in the fraction of crystallinity with time. So far in this chapter we have said nothing about the experimental aspects of determining 6. We shall now briefly rectify this situation by citing some of the methods for determining 6. It must be remembered that not all of these techniques will be suitable for kinetic studies. 

Another troublesome aspect of the reactivity ratios is the fact that they must be determined and reported as a pair. It would clearly simplify things if it were possible to specify one or two general parameters for each monomer which would correctly represent its contribution to all reactivity ratios. Combined with the analogous parameters for its comonomer, the values rj and t2 could then be evaluated. This situation parallels the standard potential of electrochemical cells which we are able to describe as the sum of potential contributions from each of the electrodes that comprise the cell. With x possible electrodes, there are x(x - l)/2 possible electrode combinations. If x = 50, there are 1225 possible cells, but these can be described by only 50 electrode potentials. A dramatic data reduction is accomplished by this device. Precisely the same proliferation of combinations exists for monomer combinations. It would simplify things if a method were available for data reduction such as that used in electrochemistry. 

In the liquid state molecules are in intimate contact, so the energetics of molecular interactions generally make a contribution to the overall picture of the mixing process. There are several aspects of the situation that we should be aware of before attempting to formulate a theory for ... 

Clinically, GM-CSF or G-CSF have been used to accelerate recovery after chemotherapy and total body or extended field irradiation, situations that cause neutropenia and decreased platelets, and possibly lead to fatal septic infection or diffuse hemorrhage, respectively. G-CSF and GM-CSF reproducibly decrease the period of granulocytopenia, the number of infectious episodes, and the length of hospitalization in such patients (152), although it is not clear that dose escalation of the cytotoxic agent and increased cure rate can be rehably achieved. One aspect of the effects of G-CSF and GM-CSF is that these agents can activate mature cells to function more efficiently. This may, however, also lead to the production of cytokines, such as TNF- a, that have some toxic side effects. In general, both cytokines are reasonably well tolerated. The side effect profile of G-CSF is more favorable than that of GM-CSF. Medullary bone pain is the only common toxicity. 

The modem approach to wastewater treatment, protection of the oxygen resources of the receiving waters, requires that all aspects of the problem be addressed, ie, the systems approach. The Ohio River Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) is an excellent example of basin-wide management dealing with situations that involve several poUtical entities. This approach has been adopted in several other regions. 

Such programs generally concentrate on the technical parts of designing an experiment, and provide limited guidance on the important, softer aspects of experimental design stressed in this article. Also, most computer routines do not allow one to handle various advanced concepts that arise frequently in practice, eg, spHt plot and nested situations, discussed in the books in the bibhography. In fact, some of the most successful experiments do not involve standard canned plans, but are tailored to fit the problem at hand. 

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