Simulated distillation analysis

Simulated distillation analysis was carried out on the extract and filtrate produced after precipitation, focusing on the fractions which boiled below 350°C. A Perkin Elmer model 8500 GC fitted with a wide-bore, OV-1 capillary colunm, 25 m long and 0.53 pm in diameter, was used. The oven temperature was held at 40 C for 1 minute and then increased at a rate of 4 C per minute to 250 C, where the temperature was held. There was no split on the injection and a FID detector was used. Initial fractionation of the samples was carried out by vacuum distillation. 

Robillard MV, Spock PS, and Whitford JH (1991) An Overview of Methodology and Column Technology for Simulated Distillation Analysis. Bellefonte, PA Supelco. 

Fig. 5 Simulated distillation analysis of JP-8, JP-TS, and JP- (View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

Giarrocco, V., "Two-Minute Simulated Distillation Analysis of Gasoline Range Materials Using Short lOO-ftm Diameter Capillary Columns/ Hewlett-Packard Company Application Note 228-370, Publication Number 23-5965-6416E, January 1997, Hewlett-Packard Company, Wilmington, DE. 

The results obtained from the simulated distillation analysis of the products were used to calculate the relative amounts of the fractions of naphtha, middle distillates, vacuum gas oil, and unconverted vacuum residue. The boiling ranges of each of the fractions considered in this study are naphtha IBP— 204°C, middle distillates 204°C-343°C,... 

The boiling range of the oils, as indicated by thermal gravimetric analysis and simulated distillation shows a marked improvement as the reactor temperature increases. 

Simulated Distillation of Bitumen Sample. The boiling-range distribution of the recovered bitumen was determined by simulated distillation gas-liquid chromatography using the procedure of Poulson et al. (15). Boiling points are determined by calibration with a mixture of n-paraffins ranging from Cn to C42. The upper limit for boiling point determination in this analysis is about 540°C (1000°F). 

Product Evaluation. Gaseous products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) using an alumina column. Liquid products were evaluated by physical properties, elemental analysis, liquid chromatographic separation (9), and simulated distillation (10). Distillation to produce a gasoline fraction was accomplished with a spinning band distillation column. Gasoline analysis and evaluation was obtained from an industrial analysis laboratory. 

Data reduction to usable form was done via a series of computer programs. Programs were written for vent gas analysis, naphtha com-ponentials, simulated distillation, elemental balances, and overall mass balances with Ci-C9 componential yields. 

Evaluations of steamed catalysts were performed with a MAT unit using a standard mid-continent gas oil. The MAT conditions varied and are identified in the tables. Selectivities were determined from gas chromatographic analysis of liquid and gaseous products by Hewlett-Packard, simulated distillation hardware and Carle.,... 

Examination of polyol migration from test samples Samples 5, 6, 8 and 9 in the form of pouches were subjected to ten-day testing at 40 °C with the food simulants distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and olive oil. The three aqueous simulant extracts (1 ml of each) were diluted 1 1 with acetonitrile prior to analysis. Olive oil extracts (5 g) were shaken and extracted with 3 ml of acetonitrile prior to examination, using the same conditions. No evidence was found from the total ion traces to suggest migration of any unreacted polyols under the ten days at 40 °C test condition. 

To test these hypotheses, a tar sand bitumen containing 20 wt % pentane asphaltenes was characterized and processed by hydropyrolysis before and after removal of asphaltenes. Product yields and structure were determined and the influence of asphaltenes on results was determined by inferrence. Feedstocks and products were characterized according to elemental analysis, physical properties, simulated distillation, and carbon-type analysis. Inferences made in this study are discussed in the context of the reported literature. 

Elemental Analysis and Physical Properties. Elemental analysis was accomplished by conventional microanalytical techniques in a commercial testing laboratory. Density, refractive index, average molecular weight (VPO), Conradson carbon residue, and ash content were determined by standard methods. Viscosity was determined by a cone-plate viscometer. Simulated distillation was accomplished using a y4" x 18" column of Anachrome Q, 3% Dexil 300, programmed from -30 to... 

The amount of liquid product was measured to find out the reaction yield for each experiment. Density and boiling-point distribution were analyzed by ASTM D97 and ASTM D2S87 (simulated distillation) standard methods. Simulated distillations were converted to ASTM D86 distillations to allow calculating cetane indexes according to ASTM D4737. Liquid products were also analyzed by MS-GC to obtain their qualitative composition, and by elemental analysis (C, H, S and O) to check the extent of hydrogenation. 

A major use for gas chromatography for hydrocarbon analysis has been simulated distillation, as discussed above. Other gas chromatographic methods have been developed for contaminant analysis (ASTM D-3524, ASTM D-4291)... 

Some columns accept high temperatures up to 450 °C (e.g. DEXSIL 400 or PETROCOL). Amongst the applications here is the analysis of the triglycerides of fatty tissues and simulated distillation as in the petrol industry. The latter... 

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