Silicon tetrachloride chloride

Both the Toth and Alcoa processes provide aluminum chloride for subsequent reduction to aluminum. Pilot-plant tests of these processes have shown difficulties exist in producing aluminum chloride of the purity needed. In the Toth process for the production of aluminum chloride, kaolin [1332-58-7] clay is used as the source of alumina (5). The clay is mixed with sulfur and carbon, and the mixture is ground together, pelletized, and calcined at 700°C. The calcined mixture is chlorinated at 800°C and gaseous aluminum chloride is evolved. The clay used contains considerable amounts of silica, titania, and iron oxides, which chlorinate and must be separated. Silicon tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride are separated by distillation. Resublimation of aluminum chloride is requited to reduce contamination from iron chloride. 

Ninety-six percent of the EDC produced in the United States is converted to vinyl chloride for the production of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) (1) (see Vinyl polymers). Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride are used as chemical intermediates in the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons (CECs). Methjiene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene have wide and varied use as solvents. Methyl chloride is used almost exclusively for the manufacture of silicone. Vinylidene chloride is chiefly used to produce poly (vinylidene chloride) copolymers used in household food wraps (see Vinylidene chloride and poly(vinylidene chloride). Chloroben2enes are important chemical intermediates with end use appHcations including disinfectants, thermoplastics, and room deodorants. 

The reaction is carried out by first reacting the alkyl or aryl halide with magnesium shavings in an ether suspension and then treating with silicon tetrachloride (prepared by passing chlorine over heated silicon). With methyl chloride the following sequence of reactions occur ... 

Under the most favourable reaction conditions when methyl chloride is used the crude product from the reaction tube will be composed of about 73.5% dimethyldichlorosilane, 9% trichloromethysilane and 6% chlorotrimethylsilane together with small amounts of other silanes, silicon tetrachloride and high boiling residues. 

This method depends on the reaction of an organic chloride with silicon tetrachloride in the presence of sodium, lithium or potassium. 

When this reaction has occuiTcd accidentally sufficient hydrogen chloride has been liberated to explosively burst the vessel. The purest form of hydrogen chloride is made by the action of water on silicon tetrachloride ... 

Chlor-siure, /. chloric acid. -sMureanhydrid, n. chloric anhydride, chlorine(V) oxide, -schwefel, n. sulfur chloride (esp. the monochloride). -silber, n. silver chloride, -sili-cium, n. silicon tetrachloride, -soda, /. = Chlornatron. -stickstoff, m. nitrogen chloride. -Strom, m. stream of chlorine, -strontium, n. strontium chloride, -suifonsaure, /. chlorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfuric acid, -toluol, n. chlorotoluene. -fibertrager, m. chlorine carrier. 

Potassium reacts very dangerously with fluoride and aluminium chloride as well as with silicon tetrachloride. 

Titanium tetrachloride is produced on an industrial scale by the chlorination of titanium dioxide-carbon mixtures in reactors lined with silica. During the reactor operation, the lining comes into contact not only with chlorine but also with titanium tetrachloride. There appears to be no attack on silica by either of these as the lining remains intact. However, the use of such a reactor for chlorinating beryllium oxide by the carbon-chlorine reduction chlorination procedure is not possible because the silica lining is attacked in this case. This corrosion of silica can be traced to the attack of beryllium chloride on silica. The interaction of beryllium chloride with silica results in the formation of silicon tetrachloride in accordance with the reaction... 

In the production of titanium, the chlorination of rutile generates approximately 0.12 tons of waste for every ton of titanium tetrachloride produced. If ilmenite is directly chlorinated, the amount of waste is 1.5 tons for every ton of titanium tetrachloride. Large amounts of ferric chloride are produced along with volatile chlorides and oxychlorides (e.g., aluminum trichloride, silicon tetrachloride, carbon oxychloride, tin tetrachloride, vanadium tetrachloride, vanadium oxychloride) these can be removed by selective distillation. In flu-idized-bed chlorination, the build-up of liquid calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in the fluid bed interferes with the process of fluidization and hence these must be removed. 

Chromyl chloride at high concentration ignites in fluorine, while phosphorus penta-chloride, phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus trifluoride ignite on contact [1]. Boron trichloride ignites in cold fluorine, and silicon tetrachloride on warming [2],... 

Toth A method proposed for making aluminum metal from clay. The dried clay, mixed with coke, is chlorinated to yield aluminum trichloride and silicon tetrachloride. The volatile chlorides are separated by distillation and the aluminum chloride then reduced with manganese metal ... 

Potassium-sodium alloys Propionyl chloride Silicon tetrachloride Silicon tetrafluoride Sodium... 

FIGURE 3 2 Solvent extraction efficiencies (EF) as functions of dielectric constants (D), solubility parameters (6), and polarity parameters (P and E -). Solvents studied silicon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, n pentane. Freon 113, cyclopentane, n-hexane, carbon tetradiloride, diethylether, cyclohexane, isooctane, benzene (reference, EF 100), toluene, trichloroethylene, diethylamine, chloroform, triethylamine, methylene, chloride, tetra-hydrofuran, l,4 dioxane, pyridine, 2 propanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. Reprinted with permission from Grosjean. ... 

Liquid perchloryl fluoride is a typical nonpolar solvent. Most inorganic and organic salts are insoluble in it. Conversely, most covalent, essentially nonpolar substances, boiling within about 50°G of perchloryl fluoride, are completely miscible, e.g., chlorine, boron trifluoride, sulfur hexafluoride, silicon tetrafluoride, phosgene, nitrous oxide, chlorine trifluoride, chlorofluorocarbons, silicon tetrachloride, sulfuryl chloride, dinitrogen tetroxide, and thionyl chloride 106). 

Methyltrichlorosilane is produced by the Grignard reaction of silicon tetrachloride and methylmagnesium chloride (structure 17.24). Dimethyldichlorosilane, used in the synthesis of polydimethylsiloxane, is obtained by the reaction of methylmagnesium chloride and methyltrichlorosilane (structure 17.25). 

Boron trichloride can be prepared by high temperature chlorination of boron trioxide, boric acid, metal borates or other boron compounds. Chlorine, hydrogen chloride, phosgene, silicon tetrachloride, metal chlorides, carbon... 

Silicon combines with halogens at elevated temperatures forming silicon tetrahalides. With chlorine, reaction occurs at 450°C forming silicon tetrachloride, SiCh. The tetrahalides also are obtained when sdicon is heated with anhydrous hydrogen chloride, bromide and iodide ... 

Silicon tetrachloride reacts with alkyl chloride and sodium to form the... 

Silicochloroform Silicolluoric Acid Silicon Chloride Silicone Fluids Silicon Tetrachloride Silver Acetate Silver Carbonate Silver Fluoride Silver Iodate Silver Monofluoride Silver Nitrate Silver Oxide Silver Sulfate Silvisar 510 Slaked Lime Slow-Curing Asphalt Sodamide Sodium... 

J. L. Gay Lussac and L. J. Thenard 5 showed in 1811 that if many of the metallic oxides be intimately mixed with carbon the reaction with chlorine proceeds more readily than with the oxide alone the metal chloride and carbon monoxide or dioxide are the products of the reaction. M. le Quesneville and F. Wohler used this process for aluminium chloride, chromic chloride, silicon tetrachloride, etc., and C. Baskerville for thorium tetrachloride. 

Collect the liquid silicon tetrachloride in a receiver flask provided with a calcium chloride tube or a wash bottle with a desiccator. Cool the receiver with a mixture of ice and table salt. 

Pyrosulphuryl Chloride, S205C12.—Rose first prepared this substance in 1838 by the interaction of sulphur trioxide and sulphur monochloride.4 It is formed by the action of many chlorides on sulphur trioxide sulphur monochloride,4 thionyl chloride,5 silicon tetrachloride,6 phosphorus pentachloride,7 phosphorus oxychloride,8 sodium chloride 9 and carbon tetrachloride 10 all yield the desired product when treated with sulphur trioxide at a suitable temperature. With sodium chloride a mixture of pyrosulphufyl chloride and sodium pyrosulphate is obtained, whilst with the exception of carbon tetrachloride and phosphorus pentachloride, which are converted into oxychlorides, all the remaining chlorides are changed into oxides ... 

Write the formulas of (a) cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (b) diboron trisulfide (c) silicon tetrachloride. 

Silicon nitride powder can be made by the reaction of silicon tetrachloride vapor with gaseous ammonia. The by-product is gaseous hydrogen chloride. Write a balanced equation for the reaction. 

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