Oxidative coupling silver nitrate

Non-conjugated dienediamines were oxidized by silver nitrate in acetonitrile to give diamidinium salts (isolated as hexafluorophosphate salts), as a result of a coupling reaction between two radical cations80,81 (Scheme 58). 

TrialkyIboranes (p. 9), which can be synthesized from olefins and diborane, undergo alkyl coupling on oxidation with alkaline silver nitrate via short-lived silver organyls. Two out of three alkyl substituents are coupled in this reaction. Terminal olefins may be coupled by this reaction sequence in 40 - 80% yield. With non-terminal olefins yields drop to 30 - 50% (H.C. Brown, 1972C, 1975). 

Oxidative cross-coupling reactions of alkylated derivatives of activated CH compounds, such as malonic esters, acetylacetone, cyanoacetates, and certain ketones, with nitroalkanes promoted by silver nitrate or iodine lead to the formation of the nitroalkylated products.67 This is an alternative way of performing SRN1 reactions using a-halo-nitroalkanes. 

The in situ synthesis of organoboranes via reaction of alkyl halides with magnesium in the presence of diborane can also be used to prepare coupled products (equations 20 and 21). Oxidation of the reaction mixture with alkaline silver nitrate leads to good yields of dimeric products. The reaction is successful for primary and secondary halides. A related reaction is the coupling of secondary alkyl halides in the presence of catalytic quantities of thallium salts. This procedure fails for primary alkyl halides and gives modest yields for secondary alkyl halides (equation 22). 

Wolovsky describes the oxidative coupling of 1,5-hexadiyne, followed by prototropic rearrangement by heating with potassium /-butoxide in f-butanol-benzene at 100°. The resulting mixture of unsaturated hydrocarbons was easily separated by elution chromatography on a column of alumina impregnated with 20% silver nitrate into the tetradehydro[18]annulene (111) and the two isomeric tridehydro[18]annulenes (1) and (11). 

Copper oxide alone or treated with small amounts of silver nitrate to form a couple, or mixed sulfates of copper and silver on silica gel are nearly inert (18). 

A dehydrogenative cross-coupling between pyridines or five-membered heteroarenes with secondary phosphites has recently been developed (Schemes 4.251 and 4.252) [406]. The approach used silver nitrate as the promoter and K S Og as an oxidant. When the... 

Silver-supported porous oxides ate promising heterogeneous catalysts for air treatment. Classical ways of preparation are incipient wet impregnation or ion exchange (in case of zeohtes) of a support with silver nitrate. Nevertheless, this precursor is known for its photosensitivity. The latter can lead to preparations that are not well controlled yet. In this contribution, the influence of the nature of the oxide support and of the thermal activation conditions towards the state and the dispersion of silver in the catalyst is investigated. Complementary characterization technic ues are used i- - Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis.) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 

Subcategory A encompasses the manufacture of all batteries in which cadmium is the reactive anode material. Cadmium anode batteries currently manufactured are based on nickel-cadmium, silver-cadmium, and mercury-cadmium couples (Table 32.1). The manufacture of cadmium anode batteries uses various raw materials, which comprises cadmium or cadmium salts (mainly nitrates and oxides) to produce cell cathodes nickel powder and either nickel or nickel-plated steel screen to make the electrode support structures nylon and polypropylene, for use in manufacturing the cell separators and either sodium or potassium hydroxide, for use as process chemicals and as the cell electrolyte. Cobalt salts may be added to some electrodes. Batteries of this subcategory are predominantly rechargeable and find application in calculators, cell phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices, in addition to a variety of industrial applications.1-4 A typical example is the nickel-cadmium battery described below. 

Stille et al. completed the total synthesis of amphimedine (297) in eight steps and overall 21-23% yield (Scheme 33) (136). Their synthesis started with the readily available 4-quinolinone 298 (144), which was reacted with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to give the triflate 299. Coupling of 299 with the organostannane 302 in the presence of Pd(PPhs)4 yielded the 4-arylquinoline 303, oxidation of which with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) or silver(II) oxide failed to produce any of the expected quinone. Thus,... 

Heteroaryl phosphonates are common motifs in biological compounds and have stimulated the development of transition metal-catalyzed methodologies for C-P bond formation [68]. Phosphonated thiophenes 43 are accessible via silver-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling of thiophene 1 with dialkyl phosphites 42 (Scheme 19) [69]. The reaction is performed in aqueous dichloromethane, proceeds regioselectively at the a-position, and utilizes silver(l) nitrate as catalyst and the oxidant potassium persulfate. 

---