Sulphur monochloride

Sulphur monochloride, S2CI2, m.p. —80 C, b.p. I38"C. Yellow liquid hydrolysed by water to SO2, HCl and S. Lower halides S CIj (jt up to 5) are formed S2CI2 plus H2 at a hot surface with freezing of products. S2CI2 is used in the rubber industry as a solvent for S. 

The first type includes vulcanising agents, such as sulphur, selenium and sulphur monochloride, for diene rubbers formaldehyde for phenolics diisocyanates for reaction with hydrogen atoms in polyesters and polyethers and polyamines in fluoroelastomers and epoxide resins. Perhaps the most well-known cross-linking initiators are peroxides, which initiate a double-bond... 

Sulphur monochloride, see Disulphur dichloride Sulphur pentafluoride -... 

Sulphur monochloride S2CI2 Yellowish-red oily fuming liquid with a strong odour Combustible flash point 11 8°C Ignition temp. 233°C Liquid and vapours are irritating Decomposes when contacted by water, to produce heat and toxic/corrosive fumes Do not allow water to enter containers reaction can be violent Wash down spills with flooding amounts of water... 

Sulphur dioxide Sulphur hexafluoride Sulphuric acid Sulphur monochloride Sulphur pentafluoride Sulphur tetrafluoride Sulphuryl fluoride Sulprofos... 

Sulphur hexafluoride Sulphuric acid Sulphur monochloride Suiphuryl fluoride 2, 4, 5-T Tantalum TEDP... 

A compounding ingredient with the main functions of a processing aid or extender. Dark factice (sulphur factice) is produced by heating certain unsaturated oils (principally rape seed oil) with sulphur. White factice (sulphur chloride factice) is prepared by treating rape seed oil with sulphur monochloride at normal temperatures. Factice is still sometimes referred to as mbber substitute or simply sub , but these terms are not recommended. 

An obsolescent variation of the cold cure. The articles are vulcanised by exposing them to the vapour of sulphur monochloride in a closed chamber. 

Also termed sulphur chloride factice or cold factice. That type of factice prepared by treating unsaturated oils, such as rape oil or castor oil, with sulphur monochloride. Since the reaction is exothermic care must be taken to keep the temperature as low as possible. See Factice. White Metal... 

Clear unsaturated oils are vulcanised at room temperature with sulphur monochloride to give a white, friable solid which is nonstaining and suitable for use in coloured compounds. Crosslinking using sulphur monochloride produces a white factice, but care had to be taken in its use, for if not used when fresh it develops a high level of acidity which affects compound cures severely. The acidity can be removed by steaming the factice just prior to use. Modem white factices contain a small addition of alkali to counteract any developed acidity. 

Various attempts have been made to improve the stability of amorphous sulphur. Addition of small amounts of halogens, i.e., chlorine, bromine, iodine, treatment with sulphur monochloride or the addition of a terpene have some effect on the rate of conversion. As far as is known, none of the modified materials are commercially available. 

Substituted thioindigoid dyes are usually obtained via the appropriate benzenethiol in a Heumann-type synthesis. The final cyclisation of the phenylthioglycolic acid derivative can often be achieved in concentrated sulphuric acid or by using chlorosulphonic acid. Several routes make use of the Herz reaction (Scheme 6.22), in which a substituted aniline is converted into the corresponding o-aminothiophenol by reaction with sulphur monochloride followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate dithiazolium salt [47]. After reaction between the thiol and chloroacetic acid, the amino group is converted into a nitrile group by a Sandmeyer reaction. Hydrolysis of the nitrile leads to the formation of the required thioindoxyl derivative. 

The 5-unsubstituted-l,2,3-triazol-4-ones (176, R = H) participate in electrophilic substitution reactions. Bromination in chloroform of anhydro-4-hydroxy-l,3-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazolium hydroxide (180) gave its 5-bromo derivative (182). The meso-ionic 3-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-4-ones (176, R = Me, R = Ar, R = H) gave 5-bromo derivatives (176, R = Me, R = Ar, R = Br) with bromine in acetic acid. Their reaction with sulphur monochloride gave the sulfide (189, X = S), and with thionyl chloride they gave the sulfoxide (189, X = SO). ... 

Preparation and Purification of Sulphur Monochloride. (Perform the experiment in a fume cupboard ) Assemble the setups shown... 

Towards the halogens, sulphur is electropositive. Combination with fluorine and chlorine takes place at ordinary temperatures, the product in the former ease being the hexafluoride, SFfi, whilst with chlorine, sulphur monochloride, S2C12, is first formed, then the diehloride, SC12, and finally the tetrachloride, SC14. A mo no fluoride and a monobromide are also known, but no compound ol sulphur and iodine has been isolated. 

Sulphur monochloride separated in granular form from mixtures containing fewer than 56-6 atoms of chlorine per cent. (i.c. 50-1 per cent. chlorine). 

Sulphur Monochloride or Disulphur Dichloride, S2C12, the initial product of the combination of sulphur and chlorine, was first thoroughly studied in 1810 by Davy and Buchholz, independently. 

Industrially, much sulphur monochloride is obtained as a byproduct in the manufacture of carbon tetrachloride by the action of chlorine on carbon disulphide in the presence of a suitable catalyst, e.g. iodine 4... 

Various other processes can be made to yield sulphur monoehloride. The distillation of sulphur with stannous chloride or mercuric, chloride yields sulphur monochloride and, indeed, may be regarded as a modification of the method first given. The action of phosphorus pentacliloridc on sulphur or on metallic sulphides and the action of chlorine on metallic sulphides form closely analogous processes, especially in view of the formation of chlorine as a dissociation product from phosphorus penta-chloride. With phosphorus pentachloride tire phosphorus is found finally as sulphochloride. Of other methods there may be mentioned the interaction of sulphur or of phosphorus sulphide with thionyl chloride,6 and the action of dry chlorine on a hot or boiling solution of... 

Chemical Properties.—Sulphur monochloride will not burn under ordinary conditions in the air, but when passed through a red-hot tube in the vapour condition and mixed with air or oxygen, combustion occurs, accompanied by a greenish-blue flame and the formation of sulphur dioxide and trioxide, together with chlorine. In contact with water the monochloride undergoes decomposition according to the equation 4... 

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