Cell passage

M ass Transfer. Exhaust gas catalytic treatment depends on the efficient contact of the exhaust gas and the catalyst. During the initial seconds after start of the engine, hot gases from the exhaust valve of the engine pass through the exhaust manifold and encounter the catalytic converter. Turbulent flow conditions (Reynolds numbers above 2000) exist in response to the exhaust stroke of each cylinder (about 6 to 25 times per second) times the number of cylinders. However, laminar flow conditions are reached a short (- 0.6 cm) distance after entering the cell passages of the honeycomb (5,49—52). 

Studies were undertaken to quantify transporters and examine regional expression in the intestine. mRNA levels in the gut were studied by Englund et al. [35]. Nine transporters were examined and eight were shown to have significant regional differences in expression. In addition, up to a 20-fold difference in expression was observed for certain transporters between intestinal tissue and Caco-2 cells. Expression of transporters in cell models compared to normal tissue can be markedly different, depending on the age of the cells, passage number and culture conditions [35]. Cell models may under- or overexpress transporters. In addition cell lines may express transporters which may not be relevant in vivo. 

Yabannavar et al. [89] employed Eq. (11) to calculate the maximum perfusion flow rate attainable before cell wash-out, which occurs when cell growth is compensated by cell passage through the spin-filter or, according to Eq. (12), when Fapp = 0- Under these conditions ... 

Values are given relative to unchallenged cells and cells challenged with hen 1yso me. Lymph node cells and T cells passaged with Mb or ext. Site 5 responded to 1 ug/ml Con A aepm 47250, 61660, and 52690, respectively. Whereas, 100 g/ml PPD or 500 ug/ml LPS elicited responses only In lymph node cells, acpm 194,560 and 120,970, respectively. S.I. Is Stimulation Index. 

In Equation 11, a is the cell passage factor, defined as the ratio between cell concentration in the perfusate and in the bioreactor (Equation 12). 

Immune cell passage across the BBB is, in turn, affected by immune modulators. EPS and the HTV-l immunoactive protein Tat increase expression by brain endothelial cells of ICAM and VCAM (Pu et al., 2003 Nottet et al., 1996) and monocytes treated with EPS have an increased rate of passage across the BBB (Persidsky et al., 1997). In vitro studies suggest that these events may be mediated through IL-lp and IL-6 (De Vries et al., 1994). 

Is the SLO concentration adequate Different cell passages may exhibit different sensitivities to SLO. Retest the dose-dependence. 

Kumar, K. A., Garcia, C. R., Chandran, V. R., Van Rooijen, N., Zhou, Y., Winzeler, E., and Nussenzweig, V. (2007). Exposure of Plasmodium sporozoites to the intracellular concentration of potassium enhances infectivity and reduces cell passage activity. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 156,32-40. 

C. Pericellular Cell Passage across Blood-Brain Barrier Structures... 

England, K., Watson, J., Beale, G., Warner, M., Cross, J., and Rumsby, M. (2001). Signalling pathways regulating the dephosphorylation of Ser729 in the hydrophobic domain of protein kinase C epsilon upon cell passage. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 10,437-10,442. 

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