Side-bending

Swivel joints The axis of rotation of the swivel must be accurately aligned on both sides of the joint and the joint should have lateral freedom and be free from side bending moments. 

A belt experiences three types of tension as it rotates around a pulley working tension, bending tension, and centrifugal tension. The combination of tight side, bending. 

However, only one kind of hydrogen can normally be observed, meaning that equatorial and axial positions interconvert via a low-energy process. This is the ring inversion process just described, in which one side of the ring bends upward while the other side bends downward. 

Two bending methods are commonly used, one known as vee bending and the other as side bending. 

Bending to the opposite side Bending to the same side No response Water, organic or inorganic aqueous solutions Alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, ethers, nitrils, monohaloakanes Alkanes, alkenes, aromatic and involatile compounds... 

Flexion or extension or bending the neck forward and to the back Side bending as when holding a telephone receiver on the shoulder Low back... 

The terminology reflects the fact that the vertebra assumes the position of its freedom of motion. T7 ESrRr indicates that the seventh thoracic vertebra is extended, side-bent to the right, and rotated right on T8. In this case, the seventh thoracic vertebra is restricted in the motions of flexion, side-bending to the left, and rotation to the left. 

Spinal somatic dysfunctions are classified as type I or type II dysfunctions. Type I dysfunctions follow Fryette s first principle of physiologic motion, which states that when the vertebrae are side-bent from a neutral position, rotation will occur in the opposite direction from the side-bending. These are group curves in the thoracic or lumbar regions involving more than... 

Type II dysfunctions follow Fryette s second principle of physiologic motion, which states that when side-bending occurs from a hyper-flexed or hyperextended (non-neutral) position, rotation and side-bending of one segment are in the same direction. These are single vertebral dysfunctions and are often pathologic in nature. The involved vertebra will be found to be either flexed or extended on the vertebra below it and side-bent and rotated to the same side. Type II dysfunctions are more often traumatic in origin. 

Type I and type II dysfunctions refer only to somatic dysfunctions in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae because Fryette s principles only apply to these areas. However, in common usage, somatic dysfunctions in the typical cervical spine are often referred to as type II, Motion characteristics of the cervical region dictate that the typical cervical vertebrae side-bend and rotate toward the same side regardless of dysfunction or normal functioning. The distinction is the involvement of a flexion or extension component in the dysfunctional unit. 

The seeond law, the law of detorsion, states that "when a muscle contracts, it tends to bring its line of origin and its line of insertion into one and the same plane." A simple example is sternocleidomastoid action. Unilateral contraction creates ipsilateral side-bending, flexion, and eontralateral rotation of the head. 

FIG. 5-11 Coupled rotator and oontralateral translator motions In the frontal plane that ocour during sIde-bendIng. 

FIG. 5-12 (A) Type II sIde-bendIng and rotation In same direction. (B) Type I sIde-bendIng and rotation In opposite directions. 

Scoliosis is defined as an appreciable deviation of a group of vertebrae from the normal straight vertical line of the spine, as viewed in the posterior plane. Scoliosis can be structural (organic) or functional. A structural curve is fixed when the patient side-bends into the convexity of the curve and it does not straighten... 

Harrison Fryette, in Principles of Osteopathic Technique, discussed specific coupled motion patterns. Of relevance here, when the spine is at rest, normal lateral flexion in one direction will cause the vertebral body to rotate in the opposite direction. (This rule apphes oidy to the thoracic and lumbar regions.) If a group of vertebrae side-bend toward the right, the vertebral bodies will... 

Accurate structural diagnosis must be made. Each location can be defined by its somatic dysfunction diagnosis. An example would be C4ESrRr or C4ESrRr, which informs us that flexion, side-bending, and rotation left are the barriers to be engaged. 

Engage the restrictive barrier in all three planes. Spinal motion would involve restriction in flexion-extension, side-bending, and rotation. Appendicular restrictions frequently involve flexion-extension, supination-pronation (external-internal rotation), and abduction-adduction. The barrier engagemerrt shoitld not cause distress to the patient. Even though the final effect is greater... 

To position the joint, the physician makes a gross adjustment toward the position of comfort and then fine-tunes. For example, the joint may require flexion to reduce the degree of pain, and then a little rotation or side-bending to remove the remaining tenderness. Jones refers to the... 

The steps are the same as for treating superficial muscle hypertonicity, except for step three. The physician places the vertebra into its planes of freedom of motiom For example, a somatic dysfunction diagnosed as C5FSrRr is treated by placing the fifth cervical vertebra into a position of flexion, right side-bending, and right rotation with respect to the sixth cervical vertebra. 

Side-bending and rotation of the occipitoatlantal joint always occur In opposite directions, in part because of the position of the lateral atlanto-occipital ligament. When the occiput... 

The unciform joints (joints of Luschka) act as guide rails for the motions of flexion-extension. They also limit the lateral translatory motion (side slip) that occurs simultaneously with the coupled motions of side-bending and rotation. When one vertebra side-bends and rotates on another, that vertebra will translate laterally in the opposite direction. In the cervical spine, this lateral translatory motion would be excessive to the point of subluxation were it not for the unciform joints. 

FIG. 25-3 Gross motion testing of the cersncal spine, side-bending. 

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