Serum urea nitrogen

Bliss, D.Z. Stein, T.P. Schleifer, C.R. Settle, R.G. (1996). Supplementation with G A fiber increases fecal nitrogen excretion and lowers serum urea nitrogen concentration in chronic renal failure patients consuming a low-protein diet. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 63, No.3, (March 1996), pp. 392-398, ISSN 0002-9165. 

Significant increases in serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels (which may be indicative of impaired renal function) were observed in Pasteurella-infected rabbits exposed to 2,875 or 5,750 mg/kg/day of Fyrquel 220 for an intermediate duration (MacEwen and Vemot 1983). The results of the histological examination were not reported, and the renal effects of the infection were not discussed. 

While the platelet count is being lowered (usually during the first 2 weeks of treatment), monitor blood counts (hemoglobin, white blood cells), liver function (AST, ALT), and renal function (serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen [BUN]). 

Tetracyciine ciass antibiotics Glycylcycline class antibiotics are structurally similar to tetracycline class antibiotics and may have similar adverse effects. Such effects may include photosensitivity, pseudotumor cerebri, pancreatitis, and antianabolic action (which has led to increased serum urea nitrogen [BUN], azotemia, acidosis, and hypophosphatemia). 

Renai effects Elevations in serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and isolated cases of significant renal dysfunction or acute renal failure have been reported in patients who received micafungin. 

Especially serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, and calcium levels. 

Many commercial laboratories run renal profile tests that include proteinuria, urine creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen, as well as other clinical parameters pertinent to the development of renal dysfunction. Although these services tend to be expensive, they offer a fast and reliable way to measure a range of parameters. 

In the majority of cases, a UCD can be distinguished from other inborn errors of metabolism by routinely available clinical chemistry tests such as blood gases, acid/base balance, plasma glucose, ammonium, or lactate. Urea production, and hence serum urea nitrogen, is decreased in UCDs. Respiratory alkalosis has few causes and is an important diagnostic clue of hyperammonemia that should trigger measurement of plasma ammonium. 

While low serum cholesterol levels have been observed in malnourished patients, largely as a result of decreased synthesis of lipoproteins in the liver, hypocholesterolemia occurs later in the course of malnutrition and is therefore not useful as a screening test. PEM usually results in low serum urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary urea, and total nitrogen. Estimation of 24-h urine creatinine excretion is also a valuable biochemical index of muscle mass (when there is no impairment in renal function). The urinary CHI is correlated to lean body mass and anthropometric measurements. In edematous patients, for whom the extracellular fluids contribute to body weight and spuriously high body mass index values, the decreased CHI values are especially useful in diagnosing malnutrition. 

Figure 16-2 Quantitative assay for serum urea nitrogen.

Plasma osmolality can be calculated from the concentrations of plasma Na+, glucose, and serum urea nitrogen ... 

Alb, serum albumin concentration (g/dL) CLcr, creatinine clearance in mL/min IBW, ideal body weight (kg) Scr, serum or plasma creatinine (mg/dL) SUN, serum urea nitrogen concentration (mg/dL). 

NKF K/DOQI National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative NMN Al-1-methylnicotinamide PAH p-aminohippurate Per creatinine production rate Pier plasma creatinine level P-gp P-glycoprotein RBF renal blood flow RPF renal plasma flow Ser serum creatinine concentration SNGFR single nephron glomerular filtration rate SUN serum urea nitrogen (concentration)... 

Serum urea nitrogen (SUN)—See Blood urea nitrogen. 

The incidence of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity rises with advancing age from 7% in patients under age 30 to 15% in patients over 70 years of age [16]. It is likely that dosage may be excessive in older patients based on overestimates of drug excretory capacity by insensitive renal function tests such as the serum urea nitrogen or serum creatinine. This age effect has been confirmed in a retrospective stepwise discriminant analysis of 214 patients in randomized prospective trials [17]. The mechanism of this age effect is unclear since experimental studies show a decrease in drug uptake in older animals compared to similarly dosed younger animals [18]. 

In the recent 8000-patient celecoxib long-term arthritis safety study [123], significantly more patients receiving traditional NSAlDs (ibuprofen or diclofenac) experienced clinically significant elevations in serum creatinine and/or serum urea nitrogen levels when compared to celecoxib. In an equally large gastrointestinal safety trial with rofecoxib, the incidence of adverse effects related to renal function for rofecoxib was similar to naproxen (1.2% versus 0.9%, respectively) [124]. When rofecoxib and celecoxib were directly evaluated in elderly hypertensive OA patients who manifested "normal" serum creatinine at the time of study recruitment, the overall incidence of clinically... 

There is also a report that suggests that methotrexate inhibits the renal clearance of cisplatin. The renal clearance of platinum in 4 of 5 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer given cisplatin 50 mg/m and methotrexate 40 mg/m was reduced in the first 6 hours after administration (50% lower in the first 3 hours). Apart from a transient increase in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine in one patient, there was no sign of nephrotoxicity with concurrent use. ... 

In three experiments there was no effect by poly(ICLC) at these dose levels on platelets, total and differential leukocytes, packed cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum urea nitrogen, total and... 

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