Series mode

Heavy electrical equipment can cause interference through the creation of multiple earths where there are leakages to earth at different points of the measuring device circuit. These earth points will be at different potentials due to the existence of the ground current which produces common and series mode interference voltages in the measurement circuit. 

The power of electrochemical detection can be improved by using more than one working electrode (89). Different strategies, based primarily on dualelectrode detection, can thus be employed. For example, in the series mode (Fig. 3.30, top) the first upstream electrode can be used to generate an electroactive species that is then more easily detected at the downstream electrode. Discrimination against compounds with irreversible redox chemistry can also be achieved. Significantly improved qualitative information can be... 

Relative stabilities and reactivities of the two metalloporphyrins can be observed by comparison of the parameters. The alkylation index shows that vanadyl chelation promotes transalkylation relative to nickel. On the other hand, nickel porphyrins are degraded more rapidly through the loss of metiiylene groups and/or etio series generation than vanadyl porphyrins. These differences between the two chelates are best observed by comparison of the series mode and weighted average mass shown in Table IV. 

Fourier series mode expansions for the multipolar electric displacement and magnetic field operators may be written in terms of fhe creation and destruction operators as... 

Furthermore, the measurement chambers for hquid phase measurements must be constructed with special attention primarily to temperature stability and mechanical stress induced on the crystal when mounted. Thereby temperature- and pressure-induced transients in / and D can be avoided when, e.g., one liquid is replaced with another. In order to obtain reliable data in conducting salt solutions it is important to pay attention also to capacitive leakage over the crystal. This is taken care of by measuring in the series mode (see above) and/or by having the side of the crystal facing the hquid completely covered with the electrode material [ 10]. 

Separation of molecules with widely different molecular weights can be achieved by using the appropriate filters in parallel or in series. In the series mode or tandem arrangement, the problem caused by concentration polarization is at its most severe at the membrane in direct contact with the starting solution but decreases at subsequent filters. 

The different effective refractive indices were argued to be due to the different electric field distribution of the two mode series. Whereas the field distribution of series (a) showed only a single node at the microdisk interface, the field distribution of series (b) showed three nodes K = 3), and maxima where the field modes (a) are small (Figure 22.39). In this way several series modes can survive together the limited optical gain in the microdisk [123]. 

When the RHRS is put in operation the primary heat exchanger and vaporizer will vvork from parallel mode to series mode. So the direction of water flow must change in the vaporizer or the primary heat exchangers, which is dependent on the temperature distribution in this sv-stem. In gemeral. if reactor is operated at high power level the direction of natural circulation will be the same as in primary heat exchanger, if reactor at low power level, the direction will be the same as in vaporizer. The experimental results indicated two circulative direction has same capacity to remove the decay heat from the core. 

Single cells produce less than 1 V of electricity, which is far from enough to power a vehicle. In order to produce a useful voltage, multiple cells must be assembled into a fuel cell stack. This can be achieved in a parallel and/or a series mode to supply feed gas to the stacks. In a parallel gas supply fuel cell stack, all cells are fed in parallel from a common hydrogen/air inlet. In the serial configuration the gas from the outlet of the first cell is fed to the inlet of the second cell and so on until the last cell, which helps prevent non-uniform gas distribution. To avoid a large pressure drop this arrangement can be used only for stacks with a small number of fuel cells [7]. 

However, when using amperometric cells such as the TLC in the series mode only a small percentage of the compounds passing through the upstream generator cell will be electrochemically oxidised or reduced. The same is true for the second downstream amperometric electrode which will in turn convert only a fraction of the products generated by the first electrode, which represents only fraction of the total analyte entering the cell. 

Operating modes Series mode with voltage range of 20—33 VDC and parallel mode with voltage range of 10—16.5 VDC and maximum voltage of 16.5 VDC. 

Battery capacity 6 Ah (series mode) and 13.6 Ah (parallel mode). 

Maximum discharge current magnitude. 6 A (series mode) and 12 A (parallel mode). Maximum pulse discharge. 18 A for 5 sec. (series mode) and 36 A for 5 sec. (parallel mode). 

Figure 2.104 Partition series mode of operation with two auxiliary phases.

When measuring small direct voltages, a frequent problem is the effect of alternating interference superimposed on the measurand. The ability of an instrument (in its direct-voltage measuring mode) to reject this interference is its normal (or series) mode-rejection ratio capability. Numerically,... 

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