Sentinels

Davenport, J. A., Storage (Protection Guidelines Revised for Storage of Elammable and Combustible Eiquids), The Sentinel, 3rd Quarter 1988. 

Occupational Sentinel Health Events An Up-Dated List for Physician Recognition and Public Health Surveillance, Mullan RJ, Murthy LI. (Am J Ind Med. 1991 19 775-799). 

The Sentinel, Vol. XLIV, No. 2, Industrial Risk Insurers, Hartford, Conn., 2nd quarter 1987, p. 8. 

Sentinel holes are used as a simple form of thickness testing. A small hole of about I - 6 mm diameter is drilled from the outer wall of the piece of equipment to within a distance from the inner wall (in contact with the corrodent) equal to the corrosion allowance on the equipment (Fig. 9.11). The technique has been used even in cases where the corrodent spontaneously ignites on contact with the atmosphere. The philosophy is that it is better to have a little fire than a big one which would follow a major leak from corrosion through the wall. When the sentinel hole begins to weep fluid a tapered plug is hammered into the hole and remedial maintenance planned. Siting the sentinel holes is somewhat speculative although erosion at the outside of a pipe bend is often monitored in this way. 

Fig. 9.11 Sentinel hole method of monitoring corrosion of a pipe wall...

Williamson CE, Dodds W, Kratz TK, Palmer MA (2008) Lakes and streams as sentinels of environmental change in terrestrial and atmospheric processes. Front Ecol Environ 6 247-254... 

A further insight is that the best workflow depends on a combination of factors that can in many cases be expressed in closed mathematical form, allowing very rapid graphical feedback to users of what then becomes a visualization rather than a stochastic simulation tool. This particular approach is effective for simple binary comparisons of methods (e.g., use of in vitro alone vs. in silico as prefilter to in vitro). It can also be extended to evaluation of conditional sequencing for groups of compounds, using an extension of the sentinel approach [24]. 

Such sentinel workflow uses a prediction to select compounds for a more expensive screen that can confirm predicted hazards (liabilities, such as toxicity). It is, provably, the best workflow in contexts where a low prevalence of the hazard is anticipated, and where there is a backstop means further downstream (e.g., preclinical toxicity testing) for detecting hazards before humans are exposed. This workflow then allows the compounds predicted as safe to bypass the expensive hazards screen, without unacceptable risk, and can add significant value in terms of external screening costs or avoiding use of what may be a bottleneck resource. 

Pearl GM, Livingston-Carr S, Durham SK. Integration of Computations Analysis as a Sentinel Tool in Toxicological Assessments. Curr Topics in Med Chem 2001 1 247-55. 

Cobbs C. Machines and genes superfast computers aid today s genetic advances. Orlando Sentinel 2002 July 15, p.Gl. 

Pfutzner, W. et al.. Intraoperative labeling of sentinel lymph nodes with a combination of vital dye and radionuclide tracer results in sentinel lymph node-positive patients, J. Deutsch. Dermatol. Ges., 4, 229, 2006. 

Local therapy of early-stage breast cancer consists of modified radical mastectomy or lumpectomy plus external-beam radiation therapy. The surgical approach to the ipsilateral axilla may consist of a full level I/II axillary lymph node dissection or a lymph node mapping procedure with sentinel lymph node biopsy. 

For patients with melanomas that are at risk of spreading to the lymph nodes, a sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is performed. The SLN, the first lymph node to receive lymph draining from the tumor, is identified by injecting a radioactive material, technetium-99m-labeled radiocolloids, and vital... 

Melanoma Thickness Margin of Excision Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy... 

Jylling AMB, Lindebjerg J, Nielsen L, et al. Immunohistochemistry on frozen section of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer with improved morphology and blocking of endogenous peroxidase. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 2008 16 482-484. 

According to the different sentinel species analyzed, THg levels in specimens collected downstream from the impacted areas are 10-20 times greater than upstream levels. It clearly points out the relevance of chlor-alkali plants in terms of mercury river pollution. 

In addition to its broad occurrence under contrasting conditions, easy collection, relatively long life span, and resistance to the accumulation of toxic chemicals, zebra mussels provide a link between the pelagic and benthic food webs, possibly creating a rapid pathway for contaminant transfer from sediments to predators such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and, occasionally, humans [32, 42—4-7]. Consequently, zebra mussel has been considered a potential sentinel organism for assessing Hg redistribution from point sources in the Ebro River and the degree of bioavailability to river and wetland food webs. 

There are several species of fish and other aquatic organisms susceptible of being used as pollution sentinels in the Ebro River (Table Species). However, none of them is present in all sites shown in Fig. 1, at least in enough abundance. From Barbastro to Flix (including the Riba-roja dam), barbel and bleak were preferred for chemical and pollution marker analyses whereas carp (Cyprinus carpio), European catfish (Silurus glanis), and roach (Rutilus rutilus) were the main species sampled in... 

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