Sensory capability

An early effort using this approach in Guinea-pigs reported variable results — attributable to incomplete nerve sectioning (Planel, 1953). Sectioning procedures may also produce some unwanted effects as intracranial nerve section will remove part of the animal s N. terminalis sensory capability (Devitsina and Cherova, 1992). 

I believe the future of sensory evaluation will involve an expansion of the use of descriptive analysis in many different situations, such as in plant quality control, as well as product development and research applications. Because of the increased competition in the flavor industry, flavor companies are increasingly expanding their sensory work and sensory capabilities. This is necessary, not only for the flavor company to understand the products they are producing but to be able to satisfactorily service their client companies. 

This theory as put forth by J. J. Gibson holds that perception may be fully explained by the properties of the stimulation we receive from the world interacting with our sensory capabilities. Characteristics of scenes and events in the physical world may give sufficient information for the nervous system to be able to specify them. Thus, there is no need to posit unconscious mechanisms of inference as put forth by the Hehnholtzian theory, or higher order organizations of stimuli as proposed by Gestalt theory. 

Difficulty staying awake substantial reduction of motor and sensory capabilities slurred speech, double vision, difficulty standing or walking without assistance. 

While changes in latency on this task are produced by a variety of drugs and chemical treatments, the interpretation of these changes can be problematic. If, for example, the chemical causes hyperactivity, the subject might reenter the shocked compartment sooner even if it does remember its association with shock. If the treatment disrupts sensory capabilities, altering perceived distinctions between the compartments, this too may result in a more rapid reentry into the compartment in which the subject had previously been shocked. If the administration of... 

Assessments of motor function are often included in the neuropsychological test batteries utilized in occupational exposure studies. Typically, these tend to be relatively simple measures of motor capabilities, probably for two reasons. The first is that the inclusion of vigilance tasks such as those described previously depends on motor coordination in addition to sensory capabilities therefore, toxicant-induced changes in such performances may already be indicative of motor impairment. This can then be pursued by inclusion of some additional and more direct assessments of motor function in the battery. The second reason relates to logistical reasons and practicalities. Test batteries such as the WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery and the NFS are typically taken to the site where measurements of subjects are to be made. Thus, portability is a major consideration, and more complex assessments of motor function would incur greater equipment needs. Since the purpose of these batteries is generally to screen for adverse effects, studies providing more precise delineations of affected functions can be pursued at a later time. 

Robotic s/computers Robotic controls, hybrid silicone/organic computing components Taste, smell, and other sensory capabilities, analo digital computing capabilities, low energy demands and heat generation, can be self-repairing (biosensors)... 

As these examples show, there is considerable interplay between fluid dynamics, information gathering abilities, and the dynamics of populations in the field. Examining the environmental impacts on chemosensory orientation may therefore provide an important link between the sensory capabilities of animals and their ecology. 

The first analysis of the ratings concerns their validity. Can panelists actually scale the relative sensory impressions of these odor stimuli by magnitude estimation Correct scaling of overall odor Intensity provides a validating measure of the panelist s sensory capabilities in this complicated study. Since panelists had the opportunity to scale unmixed odorants as well as the odor mixtures, and since the unmixed odorants comprised a graded intensity series (albeit presented at random in the set of 2k stimuli) it becomes a straightforward matter to determine whether panelists could pick out the k levels of each unmixed odorant, and scale them in the correct order of concentration. Panelists should do so. Table V shows linear and log-log (viz., power functions) relations between odor concentration in air, and rated overall odor intensity, for each pair of odorants in each study. Linear and power functions fit the data adequately. For power functions, the exponents are less than 1.0, confirming previously reported results in the literature. (2, 3)... 

The following three sections will provide theory and examples for aiding the visual, auditory, and tactual systems. Because capitalizing on an existing sensory capability is usually superior to substitution, each section will consider first augmentation and then substitution, as shown below ... 

Barfield, W., Hendrix, C., Bjorneseth, O., Kaczmarek, K.A., and Lotens, W. 1996. Comparison of human sensory capabilities with technical specifications of virtual environment equipment. Presence 4 329-356. 

We believe that sensory drive may be an important factor in fish hormonal pheromone systems because of the extreme specificity of the receptors involved, the low cost of expressing these receptors, and the variety of previously abandoned hormonal stimuli to which conspecific receivers might still be receptive. Several apparent examples of the manipulation of receivers by donors which have developed the ability to produce optimal signals that match their sensory capabilities have now been described (Ryan Keddy-Hector, 1992), but this phenomenon has not yet to be examined for pheromones. 

Bardach, J. E., and Case, J., 1965, Sensory capabilities of the modified fins of squirrel hake (Urophycis chuss) and searobins (Prionotus carolinus and P. evolans), Copeia, 1965 194. 

It is our general prejudice that the proportion of chemical sensing within the total sensory capabilities is greater in aquatic and semi-aquatic animals than in more terrestrial forms where vision in particular dominates. Thus it was somewhat of a surprise to us when we were unable to locate many recent publications on orientation and homing in the more aquatic amphibians. While our finding of an apparent lack of research on amphibians may be partially due to our own admitted historical bias towards the reptilian literature, we also believe that there indeed has been relatively less work on amphibians. It appears that since the important pioneering studies of Twitty (summarized in Twitty, 1966), very few scientists have had an interest in this area. 

The availabihty of a pool of qualified consumers also allows for testing in a typical use situation such as a home-use test This capability enhances the value of a sensory capability. Here too its goal is to provide support for a product before larger scale testing. 

Humans possess many useful senses touch, hearing, sight, taste, and smell. Humans can also sense pressure, vibration, temperature, acceleration (shock), rotation, linear motion, and position. In the area of patient safety, a better understanding of sensory capabilities of humans can be useful to reduce the occurrence of human errors. Four human sensory-related capabilities are described below [8,27,28]. 

Sensory Reception of Information For a display to be useful, information must be in a form that an operator can sense. If it is outside human sensory capabilities, the display is useless. For example, humans cannot see wavelengths in the infrared or ultraviolet region. Few can hear frequencies near or above 20,000 Hz. 

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