Hormonal pheromones

Sorensen, P. W., and Stacey, N. E. (1990). Identified hormonal pheromones in the goldfish the basis for a model of sex pheromones function in teleost fish. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, vol. 6, ed. R. L. Doty and D. Miiller-Schwarze, pp. 302-311. New York Plenum. 

Plant terpenes may deter herbivores and attract pollinators. They may participate in competition among plants and may act as antibiotics, called phytoalexins, to protect plants from bacteria and fungi.84 In invertebrate animals terpenes serve as hormones, pheromones, and defensive repellants (Figs. 22-3,22-4). The terpene squalene is the precursor to sterols. Some terpenes are toxic. For example, thujone (Fig. 22-3), which is present in the liqueur absinthe, causes serious chronic poison-... 

Zhang T., Zhang L., Xu W. and Shen J. (2001) Cloning and characterization of the cDNA of diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide of Helicoverpa armigera. GenBank Direct Submission. 

Menon M. (1970). Hormone-pheromone relationships in the beetle, Tenebrio molitor. J. Insect Physiol. 16, 1123-1139. 

N. E. Stacey P. W. Sorensen, Hormones, Pheromones, and Reproductive Behaviors. In Behaviour Interactions with Fish Physiology, K. A. Sloman, S. Balshine, R. W. Wilson, Eds. Academic Press New York, 2005 pp 359-412. 

Biofunctional natural products with low molecular weights are classified as shown in Table 1.1. Chemical studies on vitamins, hormones and antibiotics started in the first half of the 20th century, while those on semiochemicals began in the middle of the 20th century. This book treats the chemical synthesis of hormones, pheromones and other bioregulators such as allelochemicals. 

Chemical Synthesis of Hormones, Pheromones and Other Bioregulators Kenji Mori 2010 John Wiley Sons, Ltd... 

One may think that there is no need for the synthesis of biofunctional molecules, because they always exist in organisms, and can be extracted and isolated. This is quite untrue, because the amounts of biofunctional molecules in organisms are usually very small. Due to their extremely low concentrations effective in organisms, biofunctional molecules can be isolated only in very small amounts, as shown in Table 1.2. It is therefore impossible to isolate hormones, pheromones and other bioregulators in gram quantities. 

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