Sensor calibration curve

Figure 4. Chlorine sensor calibration curves at E = 50 mV for two different...

Direct detection of antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (anti-EBNA) in 1% human serum was carried out using a wavelength-modulated SPR biosensor (sensor setup description in [34,35]). Synthetic peptides were used as receptors and immobihzed on the sensor surface in the form of BSA-peptide conjugates via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions [36]. A sensor calibration curve was established for an anti-EBNA concentration range of... 

Fig. 3 a Sensor response to anti-EBNA detection obtained from three individual sensing channels on regenerated surface, b Sensor calibration curve [37]... 

Figure 4. Sensor calibration curves pOz in 100 mM KCl solution equilibrated with O2/N2 gas mixtures, pCOz. in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7 4) where NaHCO is added to adjust the pC02.

In addition to data manipulation and display, the software conducts control functions for the sample delivery system. The acceleration control of the sample injection pump is determined from the particle count rate and the count rate limit of the sensor and directions are sent to the syimge pump controller limiting the count rate to a value below the maximum count rate of the sensor. PDAS does the actual conversion from measured signal voltages to particle size using the sensor calibration curve. 

Figure 7. Left absorbance spectra of pH indicator as a function of pH right calibration curves of the sensor obtained at different wavelengths.

The calibration curve obtained for hydrogen peroxide exhibited a detection limit of 30 pmol and ranged over three decades at least. These performances compared well with those previously obtained in non-micellar media54. The presence of surfactant compounds in the ECL measurement buffer appeared thus to have little effect on the H2O2 ECL sensor performances. In optimized conditions, the determination of free cholesterol could be performed with a detection limit of 0.6 nmol and a calibration curve ranging over two decades at least. 

Ru(dpp)3]2+) sequestered within the xerogels. The results of SEM and luminescence measurements shown that certain ([Ru(dpp)3]2) doped Octyl-triEOS/TEOS composites form uniform, crack-free xerogel films that can be used to construct high-sensitivity O2 sensors that have linear calibration curves and excellent long-term stability (over a period of 11 months). 

FIGURE 1.4 Response of WPI s ISO-NOP NO sensor to increasing concentration of chemically generated NO, inset shows the resulting calibration curve. (Reprinted with permission from Frontiers in Bioscience [26].)... 

The behavior of potentiometric and pulsed galvanostatic polyion sensors can be directly compared. Figure 4.11 shows the time trace for the resulting protamine calibration curve in 0.1 M NaCl, obtained with this method (a) and with a potentiometric protamine membrane electrode (b) analogous to that described in [42, 43], Because of the effective renewal of the electrode surface between measuring pulses, the polyion response in (a) is free of any potential drift, and the signal fully returns to baseline after the calibration run. In contrast, the response of the potentiometric protamine electrode (b) exhibits very strong potential drifts. 

A fiberoptic biosensor has been used for the determination of xanthine and hypoxanthine by immobilization of xanthine oxidase and peroxidase on different preactivated membranes, which were mounted onto the tip of the fiberoptic bundle [47], The hydrogen peroxide generated was measured using the luminol reaction. A linear calibration curve of the sensors occurred in the range of 1-316 nM hypoxanthine and of 3.1-316 nM xanthine, respectively, with a detection limit of 0.55 nM. 

Fig. 6.14 (a) OFRR vapor sensor responses to DNT vapor samples extracted with various sampling time at room temperature, (b) Calibration curve of DNT mass extracted by on SPME fiber under various extraction times at room temperature... 

Fig. 15.15 Response of the AchE TEo mode of the MCLW sensor to 1 pM paraoxon, regeneration by 2 PAM and the calibration curve. (A) Tris buffer, (B) AchCl before paraoxon inhibition, (C) AchCl after paraoxon inhibition and (D) regeneration by 2 PAM. Reprinted from Ref. 52 with permission. 2008 Elsevier...

Fig.23 Calibration curves for fructose with two different enzyme sensors...

An electron transfer type of enzyme sensor was thus fabricated by a electrochemical process. Although no appreciable leakage of ADH and MB from the membrane matrix was detected, NAD leaked slightly. To prevent this leakage, the ADH-MB-NAD/polypyrrole electrode was coated with Nation. A calibration curve is presented in Fig.25 for ethanol determination in an aquous solution with the enzyme sensor. Ethanol is selectively and sensitively determined in the concentration range from 0.1 nM to 10 mM. 

Fig. 18a.7. Typical calibration curve of a potentiometric sensor for measuring monovalent cations. From Ref. [70] with permission.

The variation in the plateau current with the substrate concentration according to equation (5.20) provides a calibration curve in case the system is used as a sensor for detection of the substrate. If the concentrations of substrate and cosubstrate are small enough compared to the Michaelis-Menten constants for saturation effects to be negligible for both reactions,... 

The blend of PVA with PEG- modified glucose oxidase could be used as glucose sensor characterized by the linearity of calibration curve in the range of concentration by 5 x 10"5 - 5 x 10"3 mol glucose L 1 [194],... 

Fig. 37 (a) QD-based sensing of cocaine by the formation of a cocaine-aptamer supramolecular structure that triggers FRET and (b) time-dependent luminescence spectra of the system in the presence of cocaine. The inset shows a calibration curve for variable concentrations of cocaine and a fixed so observation time of 15 min. (c) Schematic of the FRET-based TNT sensor and (d) increase of the QD luminescence upon addition of TNT in the competitive assay format. (Reprinted with permission from [220, 221], Copyright 2009 Royal Society of Chemistry and 2005 American Chemical Society)... 

The paucity of fundamental data on microheterogeneous systems arises in part from the difficulty of acquiring data of sufficient quality to even postulate reasonable models. Further, even with very good data, establishing the uniqueness of a model can be extremely difficult multiple reasonable models can fit the same data equally well. Reliable models are needed not only in generating calibration curves, but in understanding and correcting the behavior of a sensor when there is an inconsistency in the performance of different sensors that should be equivalent. 

Figure 13.10 shows the calibration curve of the LED-based optical oxygen sensor compared with the calibration curve of a commercially available Clark-type sensor (Ingold Electrodes, Wilmington, Massachusetts). While the Clark-type shows a linear calibration, the optical sensor allows a hyperbolic response as predicted by the Stem-Volmer-type equation 72 ... 

Figure 13.10. Calibration curves for optical sensor and Clark-type oxygen electrode. The phase response of optical sensor and the voltage response of the Clark-type electrode is plotted against percent oxygen in the gas mixture (oxygen and nitrogen) sparged. While the Clark-type electrode shows a linear calibration the optical sensor shows a Siem-Volmer lype relationship (see Section 13.10.2).

Details are given of the development of an on-line sensor using near IR spectroscoy for monitoring carbon dioxide concentration in polymeric extrusion foaming processes. The calibration curve relating the absorbance spectrum at 2019 nm to the dissolved gas concentration was derived so as to infer dissolved carbon dioxide gas concentration... 

The first group of sensor properties in Fig. 1.15 is concerned with the quality of results obtained in analytical processes involving a (bio)chemical sensor. All of them are obvious targets of analytical tasks [3]. As shown in the following section, the accuracy of the analytical results relies on a high reproducibility or repeatability, a steep slope of the calibration curve (or a low detection or quantification limit) and the absence of physical, chemical and physico-chemical interferences from the sample matrix. Sensors should ideally meet these essential requisites. Otherwise, they should be discarded for routine analytical use however great their academic interest may be. 

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