Sensitivity to drugs

In order to accomplish these diverse physiological tasks described above, nature has created at least five different types of Ca2+ channels. These are termed L-, N-, P/Q-, R-, and T-type. Although they are all structurally similar (Fig. 1) they differ with respect to their biophysical properties. Some of them need only weak depolarizations to open and inactivate fast (e.g., T-type Ca2+ channels), whereas others require strong depolarizations and inactivate more slowly (e.g. P- or L-type Ca2+ channels). Channel types also differ with respect to their sensitivity to drugs. This selectivity is exploited for pharmacotherapy. 

Pain related to skin condition or inoreased sensitivity to drug therapy... 

Carlezon WA Jr, Nestler EJ Elevated levels of GluRl in the midbrain a trigger for sensitization to drugs of abuse Trends Neurosci 25 610—615, 2002... 

C. A. A. M., van der Valk, M. A., RobanusMandaag, E. C., Borst, P., Disruption of the mouse mdrla P-glycoprotein gene leads to a deficiency in the blood brain barrier and to increased sensitivity to drugs, Cell 1994, 77, 491-502. 

Self-Report Symptom Inventory. Each of the 90 items in the SCL-90 uses a five-point scale of distress. It was designed as a general measure of symptomatology for use by adult psychiatric outpatients in either a research or clinical setting. It rates either the present or previous week. It requires about 15 minutes for the patient to complete this form and about 5 minutes for a technician to verify identifying information. This test is sensitive to drug effects and may be used with inpatients. Nine subscales are measured somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism. 

McPhillips JJ. 1969a. Altered sensitivity to drugs following repeated injections of cholinesterase inhibitor to rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 14 67-73. 

Cefepime is used for bacterial infections caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to drugs in septicemia, bacteriemia, complicated infections of the upper and lower sections of the urinary system, pneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, emphysema of the pleura, fever in patients with neutropenia, and infected skin and soft tissue wounds. Synonyms of this drug are maxipime, cepim, cepimex, and others. 

This classification of anticancer drugs has inherent limitations. For instance, it may be difficult to generalize about the phase specificity of a particular drug, since this may vary among cell types. Several techniques are available to synchronize cell populations in such a way that most cells will be in the same phase of the cell cycle. After synchronization, one can treat cells in each phase and determine their relative sensitivity to drugs throughout the cell cycle. 

The sensitivity to drug effects may either increase or decrease with increasing age,... 

A further phrase that is used in this area is historical evidence of sensitivity to drug effects. This idea, introduced initially in ICH ElO, refers to the ability of effective treatments to consistently show an advantage over placebo in appropriately designed and conducted clinical trials. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, there are certain therapeutic settings where this is not the case. 

Rodents do not like to be out in the middle of a large open space. This makes sense, because going into open spaces increases the likelihood that the rodent will be spotted by a predator. Scientists can use the natural desire rodents have to avoid open spaces as a measure of how anxious a rat or a mouse is. In the defensive withdrawal test, rats or mice are placed in a bright open space that has an enclosed dark box off to one side. The amount of time that the rodent spends inside the box compared with the amount of time the rodent spends outside is thought to be a measure of anxiety. This test has been shown to be fairly sensitive to drugs. 

Modern techniques of molecular biology and electrophysiology can identify multiple subtypes of calcium and potassium channels. One way in which such subtypes may differ is in sensitivity to drug effects, so drugs targeting specific channel subtypes may be developed in the future. 

Dactinomycin is an antitumor antibiotic isolated from a Streptomyces organism. It binds tightly to double-stranded DNA through intercalation between adjacent guanine-cytosine base pairs and inhibits all forms of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, with ribosomal RNA formation being most sensitive to drug action. 

In choosing a proper mouse strain for testing, it is important to consider possible motor and sensory deficits. For example, C57BL/6J strain is widely used as it has relatively no deficits in these domains and is sensitive to drug and behavioral testing. 

---