Semliki Forest virus synthesis

Keranen, S., and Ruohonen, L., 1983, Nonstructural proteins of Semliki Forest virus Synthesis, processing and stability in infected cells, J. Virol. 47 505. 

Another general role of post-translational cleavage of polypeptide chains in viral systems is the specific processing of structural proteins leading to the assembly of the virus (44,45). In this respect, the semliki-Forest virus may be considered as an interesting model to find out how proteins which have different cellular locations reach their final sites within the cell. A single messenger RNA directs the synthesis of the viral capsid protein and of two membrane proteins. 

He L, Byun H-S, Smit J, Wilschut J, Bittman RJ. Enantioselective synthesis of a novel trans double bond ceramide analogue via catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of an enyne. The role of the trans double bond of ceramide in the fusion of Semliki Forest virus with target membranes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999 121 3897-3903. Broun P, Shanklin J, Whittle E, Somerville C. Catalyic plasticity of fatty acid modification enzymes underlying chemical diversity of plant lipids. Science 1998 282 1315-1317. 

Survival was reduced in adult mice infected with various viruses - including Semliki Forest vims, various strains of yellow fever vims, and West Nile vims - after intraperitoneal injection of gold sodium thiomalate. Adverse effects of therapeutic monovalent gold compounds may be linked to their ability to induce membrane proliferation. For example, the virulent strain of Semliki Forest virus in adult mice is characterized by the development of numerous membrane vesicles in brain with mature vims budding from these stmctures. In contrast, infection of the avirulent strain of Semliki Forest vims results in the formation of very few membrane vesicles and no mature vims particles in adult mouse brain. Proliferation of smooth membrane vesicles from whole mouse brain was induced in mice treated with gold sodium thiomalate. In certain vims infections, smooth membranes are a prerequisite for vims RNA synthesis and maturation. The ability of a virus to stimulate the smooth membranes may be the limiting factor in determining both the extent of viral RNA synthesis and maturation. This mechanism could... 

Lachmi, B.-E., and Kaariainen, L., 1977, Control of protein synthesis in Semliki-Forest virus infected cells, J. Virol. 22 142. 

Van Steeg, M., Van Grinsven, M., Van Mansfeld, F., Voorma, H. O., and Benne, R., 1981, Initiation of protein synthesis in neuroblastoma cells infected by Semliki Forest virus, FEBS Lett. 129 62. 

Taylor, J., 1965, Studies on the mechanism of action of interferon, 1. Interferon action and RNA synthesis in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with Semliki Forest virus. Virology 25 340. 

Many proteins and glycoproteins are first synthesized in the form of a protein that is larger than the final product. Here, the primary translation-product is subject to one or more steps of controlled proteolysis.430 Good model-systems for study of the conversion of a precursor protein into the final product are cells infected with enveloped viruses,229,431-435 such as influenza, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, and avian sarcoma viruses (and others). Some of these viruses stop synthesis of... 

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