Whole Mouse Brains

The possibility of inducing brain tumors in a small animal model opens the route to excihng studies for the applicahon and optimization of acquisition techniques and data analysis algorithms for vibrational spectroscopic images. 

---

Figure 9.16 Typical chromatogram resulting from whole mouse brain homogenate using dual-assay conditions. (From Freeman et al., 1993.)...

Fresh whole mouse brains were homogenized in a ground-glass homoge-nizer and subjected to ultrasonication before being used in the assays. 

Survival was reduced in adult mice infected with various viruses - including Semliki Forest vims, various strains of yellow fever vims, and West Nile vims - after intraperitoneal injection of gold sodium thiomalate. Adverse effects of therapeutic monovalent gold compounds may be linked to their ability to induce membrane proliferation. For example, the virulent strain of Semliki Forest virus in adult mice is characterized by the development of numerous membrane vesicles in brain with mature vims budding from these stmctures. In contrast, infection of the avirulent strain of Semliki Forest vims results in the formation of very few membrane vesicles and no mature vims particles in adult mouse brain. Proliferation of smooth membrane vesicles from whole mouse brain was induced in mice treated with gold sodium thiomalate. In certain vims infections, smooth membranes are a prerequisite for vims RNA synthesis and maturation. The ability of a virus to stimulate the smooth membranes may be the limiting factor in determining both the extent of viral RNA synthesis and maturation. This mechanism could... 

Dodt, H.-U., et al. Ultramicroscopy three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain. Nature Methods 4(4), 331-336 (2007)... 

Catalyzes 6-hydroxlation of melatonin in vitro and in transgenic mouse brain (Ma et al., 2005). 0.0017 CYPIBI vnRNAJGAPDH mRNA in whole human brain by RT-RT-PCR (Nishimura et al., 2003). 

Another feature that becomes important for metadata management is metadata grouping. As an example, a blood sample is taken from a mouse and a new metabolite found. We can assign the metadata Mouse, Whole Blood, and In Vivo to this metabolite. We now do a second investigation where we unfortunately have to kill the mouse, take a brain sample, and find the same metabolite. We would now assign Mouse, Brain, and In Vitro to this structure. If we would look now at the metabolite metadata, it would list the meta-keys and its values ... 

Our preliminary results with fish brain preparations suggest that ion flux techniques may be valuable in studies of target site differences between species. We have demonstrated veratridine-stimulated, tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium uptake in a vesicular preparation from fish brain, thus confirming the presence of functional sodium channels in this preparation. Our results with , -DDT in this system also agree well with the action of DDT analogs and pyrethroids in mouse brain assays. Further studies wih both preparations should allow the exploration of target site differences between mammals and fish that have been inferred from whole animal toxicity studies. 

ADP-Ribosylation in Cytoplasmic Ribonucleoprotein Particles Which Contain Silent mRNA. We demonstrated that ADP-ribosyl transferase activity is associated with cytoplasmic free mRNP isolated from a variety of organs and tumor cells mouse plasmacytoma, rat liver, rat brain, Krebs n cell rat brain cultured neurons and astrocytes (25-28). Table 1 summarizes the mRNP poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. On a protein basis, in contrast to the tumor cells, the activity associated with rat liver and whole rat brain free mRNP is very low. Nevertheless, it is 12 fold higher than the activity associated with the microsomal ribosomal fraction reported by Burizo et al. (19). In brain mRNP and mainly in neuronal mRNP die activity is much higher than in the rat liver mRNP on a DNA basis (not shown). 

The whole procedure from the sample preparation of thin sections of biological tissue by cryo-cutting via the imaging procedure in LA-ICP-MS, including the scanning (line by line) of tissue in the selected brain area of mouse brain by a focused laser beam to measure ion intensities for analyte ions as a function of time and for a final evaluation of data in order to produce... 

The size of ice crystals is usually determined by the speed of the freezing process through the whole tissue. Therefore, a pre-cutting step is recommended to reduce the overall tissue size before snap freezing. Tolerance toward ice crystal damage was found at different levels for different types of tissue. For instance, the most serious ice crystal damage was observed in mouse liver sections but little in mouse brain sections. 

Fig. 5. The accumulation of sphingosine containing lipids in brain tissue. Mouse brain, data estimated from graph presented by Folch (1955) for whole tissue (points are calculated) Rat brain, whole tissue (Burton, unpublished) Human brain, cortex or white as noted (Cumings et al. 1958)...

Fig. 8. The complexity of transcription of total nuclear RNA isolated from whole mouse embryos, liver and brain. The reaction of repeated DNA sequences with RNA isolated from all embryonic tissue was carried out by the filter technique. The reaction of nonrepeated H DNA (Cot 220) with unlabeled nuclear RNA isolated from embryos, liver, and brain was carried out according to the author s method. The time scale is not linear and is diagrammatic. (After Church and Brown, 1972)...

---