Columbia River

The primary U.S. producers of ground calcium carbonate are Columbia River Carbonates, ECC International, Franklin Limestone Co., Genstar Stone Products, Georgia Marble Company, J.M. Huber Corp., Calcium Carbonates Division, James River Limestone Co., Inc., OMYA Inc. 

The United States and Canada sign the Columbia River Treaty. Under the treaty, Canada builds two storage dams and one dam for generation, resulting in greater power and flood control benefits at U.S. facilities downstream. 

Fig. 6-12 Comparison of mean monthly averaged daily discharges for the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon for water years 1915-1924 (1 Oct. 1914-30 Sep. 1924) and 1985-1994. (Data from US Geological Survey, Station 14105700.)...

Camp, V.E. (1995) Mid-Miocene propagation of the Yellowstone mantle plume head beneath the Columbia River basalt source region. Geology, 23, 435-438. 

College of Oceanography, cycling of transuranic radionuclides Corvallis, Oregon in the Columbia River estuary and... 

Foster, R. F. and Soldat, J. K. (1966). Evaluation of the exposure resulting from the disposal of radioactive wastes into the Columbia River, page 683 in Disposal of Radioactive Wastes into Seas, Ocean and Surface Waters, IAEA Publication No. STI/PUB/126 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna). 

The structures seen in the ALH84001 meteorite could easily have formed from molten material solidifying rapidly or even by precipitation of minerals from saturated solutions. Neither explanation is as romantic as Martian nanobacteria. Similar sized features have been seen following electron microscopy analysis of basalt rock structures found in riverbeds, such as from the Columbia river (Figure 6.15). 

The Columbia River system was characterized by lead inputs from natural geologic deposits, industrial effluents, and the mining and smelting of lead. 

Munn, M.D. and T.M. Short. 1997. Spatial heterogeneity of mercury bioaccumulation by walleye in Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upper Columbia River, Washington. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 126 477-487. 

Columbia River Washington, 1985-87, near reactor, 90Sr Largetooth aspen, Populus grandidentata, 22eRa Near uranium tailing plant vs. control site Leaves 53 DW vs. 4 DW 4... 

Columbia River, Washington near nuclear facility, 1961, 239Np, muscle ... 

Canada goose, Branta canadensis moffittf, Columbia River, Washington, 1985-87, near reactor eggshell, Sr... 

Rickard, W.H. and K.R. Price. 1990. Strontium-90 in Canada goose eggshells and reed Canary grass from the Columbia River, Washington. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 14 71-76. 

McCarthy, K.A. and Gale, R.W. 2001, Evaluation of persistent hydrophobic organic compounds in the Columbia River Basin using semipermeable membrane devices. Hydrol. Process 15 1271-1283. 

Lefkovitz, L. Crecelius, E. McElroy, N. 1996, The use of Polyethylene Alone to Predict Dissolved-phase Organics in the Columbia River. Presented at the 17th annual meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology Chemistry November 17-21, 1996 Washington, D.C. 

Barging salmon down the Columbia and Snake rivers impaired their homing. The fish returned but they did not return upstream to spawn, for unclear reasons. It is possible that they failed to imprint on the home stream when barged. To avoid this problem, spillways are recommended (Lorraine Bodo, American Rivers/Columbia River Alliance). This is reminiscent of trucked reindeer in Sweden (see Section 4.5). 

A batch of radioactive material is dumped into the Columbia River at Hanford, Washington. At Bonneville Dam, about 400 km downstream the flowing waters (6000 m /s) are monitored for a particular radioisotope ty2 > 10 yr) and the data of Fig. P11.5 are obtained. 

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory Researchers discovered microbial communities in deep crystalline rock aquifers within the Columbia River Basalt (CRB) Group at a U.S. Department of Energy site in Hanford, Washington. While most subsurface microbial communities depend upon photosynthesis for energy (directly or indirectly), SLiME was found to derive energy from hydrogen that comes from reactions between water and basalt. SLiME could potentially be used in deep strata because they are preadapted to these conditions. 

---