Bioconcentration potential

EPA. 1981a. Acephate, aldicarb, carbophenothion, DBF, EPN, ethoprop, methyl parathion, and phorate Their acute and chronic toxicity, bioconcentration potential and persistence as related to marine environments. Gulf Breeze, FL U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. EPA-600/4-81/04L NTIS PB81-244477. 1-275. 

Ernst W. 1977. Determination of the bioconcentration potential of marine organism- A steady state approach. I. Bioconcentration data for seven chlorinated pesticides in mussels(mytilus edulis) and their relation to solubility data. Chemosphere 11 731 -740. 

Food Chain Bioaccumulation. Information is available regarding bioaccumulation potential in aquatic food chains. Studies show that trichloroethylene has a low-to-moderate bioconcentration potential in aquatic organisms (Pearson and McConnell 1975) and some plants (Schroll et al. 1994). Information is needed, however, regarding bioaccumulation potential in terrestrial food chains. 

Neely WB, Branson DR, Blau GE. 1974. Partition coefficients to measure bioconcentration potential of organic chemicals in fish. Environmental Science and Technology 8 1113-1115. 

EPA has developed an evaluation tool, the PBT Profiler, which predicts PBT potential of chemicals. The PBT Profiler estimates environmental persistence (P), bioconcentration potential (B), and aquatic toxicity (T) of discrete chemicals based on their molecular structure. It is Internet-based and there is no cost for use. 

Ogata, M., Fujisawa, K., Ogino, Y., Mano, E. (1984) Partition coefficients as a measure of bioconcentration potential of crude oil compounds in fish and shellfish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33, 561-567. 

Veith, G.D., Kosian, P. (1983) Estimating bioconcentration potential from octanolAvater partition coefficients. In Physical Behavior of PCBs in the Great Lakes. Mackay, D., Paterson, S., Eisenreich, S.J., Simmons, M.S., Editors, pp. 269-282, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 

Geyer, H.J., I. Scheunert, and F. Korte. 1987. Distribution and bioconcentration potential of the environmental chemical pentachlorophenol (PCP) in different tissues of humans. Chemosphere 16 887-899. 

Huckins, J.N., M.W. Tubergen, and G.K. Manuweera. 1990b. Semipermeable membrane devices containing model lipid a new approach to monitoring the bioavailability of lipophilic contaminants and estimating their bioconcentration potential. Chemosphere 20 533-552. 

Food Chain Bioaccumulation. Simple cyanide compounds do not bioconcentrate in fish (ASTER 1994 Callahan et al. 1979 EPA 1985a). It would be useful to determine the bioconcentration potential for cyanide in fish from water dosed with less toxic and water-soluble cyanide complexes. There is no indication of biomagnification of cyanides in aquatic and terrestrial food chains. Because of the high toxicity of cyanides at high doses and rapid metabolism at low doses, biomagnification of cyanide in animals seems unlikely. 

Geyer H, Scheunert I, Korte F. 1986. Bioconcentration potential of organic environmental chemicals in humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 6 313-347. 

Neely, W.B., Branson, D.R., and Blau. G.E. Partition coefficient to measure bioconcentration potential of organic pesticides in fish, Environ. Sci. Technol, 6(7) 629-632, 1974. 

The logarithm of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow is a useful preliminary indicator of the bioconcentration potential of a compound. The calculated log K values for 1,3-DNB and 1,3,5-TNB are 1.52 and 1.18 (Deneer et al. 1987), respectively, suggesting a low potential for bioaccumulation. An experimental bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 1,3-DNB for the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, was reported to be 74.13 (Deneer et al. 1987). This BCF indicates that bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms is not an important fate process. BCF data were not located for 1,3,5-TNB. 

Dimitrov S.D., N.C. Dimitrova, J.D. Walker, G.D. Veith, and O.G. Mekenyan (2003). Bioconcentration potential predictions based on molecular attributes— an early warning approach for chemicals found in humans, birds, fish and wildlife. QSAR and Combinatorial Science 22 58-68. 

Consumed fish are considered to be the only source of chlordane up to 98% of chlordane exposure results from aquatic organisms with high (up to 14,100X) bioconcentration potential (USEPA 1980). Urban residents should not consume more than 8 ounces (227 mg) of fish daily containing 0.03 mg total chlordanes/kg FW, and nonurban residents up to 1135 mg of fish daily containing 0.03 mg/kg FW (Arruda et al. 1987). The value of 0.001 mg/kg BW daily is based on the no-observed-effect level of 5 mg/kg in the diet of the rat, equivalent to 0.25 mg/kg BW, and 3 mg/kg in the diet of the dog, equivalent to 0.075 mg/kg BW (WHO 1984). 

Food Chain Bioaccumulation. Diazinon has an estimated low bioconcentration potential (BCF=77) (Kenaga 1980) in aquatic organisms, which is generally confirmed by measured BCF values obtained from laboratory studies with fish and other aquatic invertebrates (El Arab et al. 1990 Keizer et al. 1991 Sancho et al. 1993 Tsuda et al. 1989, 1995). Further information on measured BCF values for additional edible fish and shellfish would be helpful, as would information on tissue residues of diazinon and its major degradation products in edible species. No information was found on studies associated with plant uptake, but diazinon is rarely detected above EPA tolerance limits (Hundley et al. 1988). Bioaccumulation in aquatic food chains does not appear to be important, and no further information on biomagnification is required. 

Neilson, A. H., Allard, A-S., Reiland, S., Remberger, M., Tarnholm, A., Victor, T. Lendner, L. (1984). Tri- and tetrachloroveratrole, metabolites produced by bacterial O-methylation of tri- and tetrachloroguaiacol an assessment of their bioconcentration potential and their effects on fish reproduction. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 41, 1502-12. 

Kenaga, E. 1972. Determination of Bioconcentration Potential. Residue Review. 44, 73-113. Kirkwood, J. 1934. Theory of Solutions of Molecules Containing Widely Separated Charges, with special application to zwitterions. J. Chem. Phys. 351-361. 

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