Semantic element

If the Workbench is viewed as a black box that accepts Algorithmic Level specifications expressed in ISPS and produces Register-Transfer Level designs, then it should also describe the relationships between the ISPS specification and the Register-Transfer Level implementation. Since operations and values are the smallest semantic elements in an ISPS description, the Workbench should attempt to describe the links between each value and operation in the specification and the corresponding elements in the Register-Transfer Level implementation. This is the goal of the CORAL system. 

If one is asked to define a semantic element, say X, the answer is usually a sentence of the form X is a Y which . Here Y is the class to which X belongs it is a more general element. To it are related a large number of qualifying or specialising elements, and is the appropriate subset of these. Thus, the definition process consists of three subprocesses Eirst, the generalisation, which... 

To achieve these consistencies, MODEL.LA. provides a series of semantic relationships among its modeling elements, which are defined at different levels of abstraction. For example, the semantic relationship (see 21 1), is-disaggregated-in, triggers the generation of a series of relationships between the abstract entity (e.g., overall plant) and the entities (e.g., process sections) that it was decomposed to. The relationships establish the requisite consistency in the (1) topological structure and (2) the state (variables, terms, constraints) of the systems. For more detailed discussion on how MODEL.LA. maintains consistency among the various hierarchical descriptions of a plant, the reader should consult 21 1. 

It s possible to write a precise set of rules (that is, a program) for converting each diagram element into text. And given any complex piece of text—such as an action specification, with its pre- and postconditions and odd constructs such as pre and so on—it is possible to write a set of rules for converting it into a longer set of statements in terms of a much more basic set of ideas. These sets of rules are called the semantics of the language. 

Only one stereotype can be attached to an element. UML permits a stereotype to be defined as a combination of several others. This arrangement causes problems with combinatorial explosion as well as lack of semantics. 

The two stable isotopes of carbon do not always occur in all natural samples in their usual ratio. In addition to the vaying ratios detected in interstellar molecules, certain meteoritic samples reveal a deficiency and some an excess of the 13C/12C ratio in comparison with the solar value. Because carbon possesses only two stable isotopes, it is a matter of semantics to assert which isotope is varying in samples thathave different isotope ratios. Saying this sample is 12C-rich says no more or less than saying this sample is 13 C-poor. Only elements having more isotopes than two can support more specific identities for the varying isotope. 

The and elements reference namespaces other than CML. This is done to facilitate aggregation with other XML components, such as dictionaries, and by this means to reduce what has been called tag soup . For example, defines a namespace for a dictionary reference called chem mpt. Any processing software that might need to process a melting point property would be directed to this dictionary for further information on the semantics of this term. Similarly, the... 

Many elements of a controlled vocabulary are effectively defined by software implementation. Thus, the description of the HTML language requires certain elements to have specified behavior. For example, supports the display of raster images, but the precise look may vary between implementations and file types. Implementation through software is useful and powerful where authors, publishers, readers, and processors all use the same system. Because STM publishing is increasingly multidisciplinary, this implementation becomes problematic. Often a reader may have to download specialist software that is idiosyncratic and that may not have enough functionality, especially the export of semantically rich data. Moreover, the semantic rules are often buried deep in the software and difficult to understand precisely. 

The XML that defines the semantic content of each paper works like this Each article is represented by an element with an rdf about attribute, indicating that the article is the subject of an RDF triple. It could be defined with a doi URI, a pmid URI (for those RSC articles that are abstracted by PubMed) or, as it is in practice, by a URL that points to the RSC s DOI resolver. A element, as defined by the content module of RSS 1.0, has within it an element that contains elements, and within each of those a element whose rdfiabout attribute is the URI of the entity mentioned within the article. This means is the predicate, or the verb, of the relationship. Written without the XML, a relationship might look like this ... 

The present concept requires a new, more efficient manipulation of EMs in the computer. An EM is described by three lists of essential information a list of atoms, a list of bonds and a list of stereochemicaly relevant partitionings. All the elements of the lists are correlated through references with exactly defined semantics. Thus we have a dynamical structure without upper bounds for the number of atoms, or bonds. Furthermore, additional references between structural subunits join these directly in a chemically meaningful way, e.g. two Atom-structures via the corresponding hond-structure and vice versa. This substantially facilitates the retrieval of information. 

So far in our discussion of micros tincture, we have considered homopolymers. To some degree, however, there is an element of semantics involved in our definition. Is a branched polyethylene a true homopolymer or should it be considered a copolymer of ethylene and whatever units comprise the branches Here our concern is real copolymers, those synthesized from two (or more) distinct monomers. The simplest possible arrangements are shown in Figure 2-22 and are self-explanatory. But, as we will see, real life is more complex. True random copolymers are rare and in most cases there are tendencies to blockiness or alternating arrangements. There are also graft copolymers, but we will discuss all this in more detail when we consider copolymerization. 

Semantics, History, Some chemists would define transition metals stricily as those elements whose and Other ground state atoms have partially fUled d orbitals. This excludes 21 nc from the first... 

If the modeling elements of LCR represent the modes of a network, the semantic relationships constitute the links (edges) of the network. There... 

The first two semantic relationships establish the structure of a modeling element they allow the declaration of the attributes and methods of a modeling element. Although all object-oriented systems possess, by definition, the first two semantic relationships and no special computer-aided provisions are needed, they have been included here for completeness. 

The following two semantic relationships establish the links between a basic modeling element and its derivative subclasses of modeling objects and instances. Both of them are isomorphic mappings. 

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