Basic Modeling Elements

The following two semantic relationships establish the links between a basic modeling element and its derivative subclasses of modeling objects and instances. Both of them are isomorphic mappings. 

The nine basic modeling elements of LCR, although they offer a fairly limited vocabulary, are generic enough to allow (1) infinite extensibility of LCR s vocabulary through a finite set of rules, and (2) representation and analysis of any potential reaction pathway. 

Line 1 indicates that the definition of Kg, depends on the following four modeling objects (Kaj-operator), reaction-centers) (see line 3) with each element of the list defined as an instance of the basic modeling element, atom. 

To account for all representational needs in process engineering, MODEL.LA uses six (6) basic classes of modeling elements, and fairly rich modeling hierarchies of subclasses, emanating from the basic modeling elements. 

The tree of port classes. Four subclasses of ports emanate from the basic modeling element convective-port, material-port, en-ergy-port, and information-port. Each is specialized to express the characteristics of the quantity that flows through it. 

MODEL.LA. is a language with infinite extensibility of its vocabulary, enabled by a fixed set of she modeling hierarchies and a fixed set of 13 semantic relationships. In Section IV.C, we discussed the hierarchies of modeling subclasses emanating from the six basic modeling elements. What is far more important for the modeling power of MODEL.LA. is its... 

The basic modeling elements of the language, and the subclasses that emanate from them, are stored in a knowledge base (KB) called NETWORK-MODEL. 

Let us present HDL s basic modeling elements. For a pictorial depiction of their character, see Fig. 16. The first three modeling elements are sufficient to represent the structure of any processing system. The following two elements are used to represent complex systems which consist of networks of instances of GenericUnit, Port, and Stream. 

Fig. 16. Basic modeling elements in the HDL (hierarchical design language).

The first half of this chapter concentrates on the mechanisms of ion conduction. A basic model of ion transport is presented which contains the essential features necessary to describe conduction in the different classes of solid electrolyte. The model is based on the isolated hopping of the mobile ions in addition, brief mention is made of the influence of ion interactions between both the mobile ions and the immobile ions of the solid lattice (ion hopping) and between different mobile ions. The latter leads to either ion ordering or the formation of a more dynamic structure, the ion atmosphere. It is likely that in solid electrolytes, such ion interactions and cooperative ion movements are important and must be taken into account if a quantitative description of ionic conductivity is to be attempted. In this chapter, the emphasis is on presenting the basic elements of ion transport and comparing ionic conductivity in different classes of solid electrolyte which possess different gross structural features. Refinements of the basic model presented here are then described in Chapter 3. 

The basic model of the factor analysis method as applied here assumes that the x-ray emission Intensity of any specified element Is a linear sum of the quantity of that element found In the minerals present at that sample location ... 

This work attempts to model a semiconductor/molten salt electrolyte interphase, in the absence of illumination, in terms of its basic circuit elements. Measurement of the equivalent electrical properties has been achieved using a newly developed technique of automated admittance measurements and some progress has been made toward identification of the frequency dependent device components (1 ). The system chosen for studying the semiconductor/ molten salt interphase has the configuration n-GaAs/AlCl3 1-... 

Another element of personnel capacity can also affect production network optimization. Each capacity modification and product transfer project requires the expertise of the process development or technical engineering staff. Consequently, the capacity available with these departments can restrict the number of projects that may be pursued in any given time period. Grunow et al. (2006, pp. 6-8) integrate a restriction into their model to incorporate this aspect. While the basic model proposed in this work does not contain such a restriction, it could be easily extended accordingly. 

As was discussed in Chapter 2 Rasmussen has provided the basic model of human error based on three levels of behaviour skill-, rule- and knowledge-based (S-B, R-B, K-B). This SRK model has been operationalised to describe operator errors in process control tasks by combining it with characteristic task elements, which as a whole cover the entire spectrum of operator subtasks. 

The simplest flaws of the Maxwell and Voigt models, the fact that one cannot model creep while the other cannot model stress relaxation, can easily be fixed by combining our basic linear elements in different ways. One such is the so-called four-parameter model (Figure 13-94), which combines a Maxwell model in series with a Voigt model. The four parameters are the Maxwell modulus and viscosity, Eu and and the Voigt modulus and viscosity Ev and r v... 

The basic model is that of two competitors in the chemostat, and the new element is the effect of the inhibitor. The model was first proposed by Lenski and Hattingh [LH], who investigated the various outcomes with a computer simulation. The mathematical analysis here follows that contained in Hsu and Waltman [HWl]. 

Disequilibrium single porosity models. In addition to complete equilibrium transport, several other variations to the basic model have been proposed. The first relaxes the assumption that moving melt remains in chemical equilibrium with the solid at all times (Spiegelman and Elliott, 1993), although instantaneous melts are assumed to be in chemical equilibrium with the mantle that produced them. For stable elements, this disequilibrium transport produces a residue that reflects perfect fractional melting and the melts have compositions identical to accumulated fractional melts. These models are similar to the dynamic melting models in the limit that but... 

Each of the nine modeling elements described above possesses a basic structure of attributes and methods and are inherited by any of their instances. Nevertheless, we have found that the construction of specialized subclasses, emanating from a specific class, enriches the vocabulary of... 

Six basic modeling classes presented in Section IV. A are the root-classes for expanded trees of modeling subclasses. Whereas the six basic elements are designed to possess generic attributes and methods, independent of the particular domain they represent, the hierarchical trees emanating from... 

There are experimental setups for which the Basic model is not sufficiently detailed. For instance, ArrayExpressB does not allow the capture of Expression-Value when it is related to more than one array Element. Also there is no way to capture relations between several ExpressionValueSets. For instance, an Expression ValueSet can be obtained by averaging several Expression ValueSets each obtained from different replicate Hybridizations. ArrayExpressC provides means to... 

---