Selforganization

Very recently, considerable effort has been devoted to the simulation of the oscillatory behavior which has been observed experimentally in various surface reactions. So far, the most studied reaction is the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide, where it is well known that oscillations are coupled to reversible reconstructions of the surface via structure-sensitive sticking coefficients of the reactants. A careful evaluation of the simulation results is necessary in order to ensure that oscillations remain in the thermodynamic limit. The roles of surface diffusion of the reactants versus direct adsorption from the gas phase, at the onset of selforganization and synchronized behavior, is a topic which merits further investigation. 

Figures 3.10-3.15 present some qualitative evidence for the self-organization of space-time patterns emerging out of initial configurations of uncorrelated sites. In this Section we introduce some of the quantitative characterizations of selforganization in elementary r = 1, k = 2 rules by examining these systems from two different points of view.

Lehn, J. M. (1990) Perspective in supramolecular chemistry - from molecular recognition towards molecular information-processing and selforganization. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 29, 1304-1319. 

Motte, L., Billoudet, F., Lacaze, E., Douin, J. and Pileni, M.P. (1997) Selforganization into 2D and 3D superlattices of nanosized particles differing by their size. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,... 

Lehn, J.-M. (2002) Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly special feature toward complex matter supramolecular chemistry and selforganization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the, 99 (8), 4763-4768. 

Fonseca, A.M., et al, Geographical classification of crude oil by Kohonen selforganizing maps, Analytica Chimica Acta, 556, 374, 2006. 

Nanosized supramolecular materials have received increasing attention during the last two decades. Their properties have been surveyed for their ability to form aggregates in the solution phase, which form channel-like arrays in the solid state, and which ultimately form single channels in planar bilayer membranes. These systems therefore illustrate, in general, the convergence of supramolecular selforganization and supramolecular function. 

Haupt, M. Miller, S. Ladenburger, A. Sauer, R. Thonke, K. Spatz, J. P. Rietmuller, S. Moller, M. 2002. Semiconductor nanostructures defined with selforganizing polymers. /. Appl. Phys. 91 6057-6059. 

Ortoleva, P. J., E. Merino, C. Moore and J. Chadam, 1987, Geochemical selforganization, I., Reaction-transport feedbacks and modeling approach. American Journal of Science 287, 979-1007. 

Recently, the selforganization amphiphilic porphyrins with alkyl chains at the... 

Surfaces modified with polymer films (c.f.,76-78) and selforganizing molecular assemblies (79,80) have been of particular interest to electrochemists. Albrecht et. al. (Albrecht, T.R. ... 

Synthesis processes in common case can be considered as a complex system of selforganization, developing during time, that results to formation of time-dependent fractal structures [3], In such reactions the important role is played by diffusive processes, which in the considered case have very specific nature. This specificity is due to the fact, that in chemical reactions not all reagents contacts occur with proper for reaction s product... 

Meissen, W. J., Smits, J. R. M., Rolf, G. H., Kateman, G. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 18,1993, 195-204. Two-dimensional mapping of IR spectra using a parallel implemented selforganizing feature map. 

O. Decroly and A. Goldbeter, Birhythmicity, chaos, and other patterns of temporal selforganization in a multiply regulated biochemical system. Proc. Natl. Acad, Sci. USA 79, 6917-6921 (1982). 

Robinson, D. D., Winn, P. J., Lyne, P. D. and Richards, W. G. (1999) Selforganizing molecular field analysis a tool for structure-activity studies. /. Med. Chem. 42, 573-583. SOMFA is available at http //hellatrix.pcl.ox.ac.uk/downloads/. 

Kato T. Supramolecular liquid-crystalline materials molecular self-assembly and selforganization through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Supramol Sci 1996 3 53-59. 

Another important message emerging from these studies is that order and selforganization can indeed originate by themselves - again suggesting that complexity can be a spontaneously occurring process. 

Are you convinced of the fact that finality is not an issue in the field of selforganization ... 

The mechanisms operating in the formation of textures seen in polycrystalline aggregates of the same species have been discussed in Sections 8.1-8.4. This may correspond to the analysis of a mechanism controlling the so-called selforganization or self-assemblage. Other mechanisms are possible for example, tiny spherical particles are assembled and a close-packed structure is formed due to surface tension. The formation of opal consisting of a close-packed structure of minute amorphous silica spheres maybe such a case. 

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