Self-limit

The growth according to this equation is self-limiting as the field strength F is lowered (at constant voltage) with an increasing film thickness x. 

Diarrhea is a common problem that is usually self-limiting and of short duration. Increased accumulations of small intestinal and colonic contents are known to be responsible for producing diarrhea. The former may be caused by increased intestinal secretion which may be enterotoxin-induced, eg, cholera and E. col] or hormone and dmg-induced, eg, caffeine, prostaglandins, and laxatives decreased intestinal absorption because of decreased mucosal surface area, mucosal disease, eg, tropical spme, or osmotic deficiency, eg, disaccharidase or lactase deficiency and rapid transit of contents. An increased accumulation of colonic content may be linked to increased colonic secretion owing to hydroxy fatty acid or bile acids, and exudation, eg, inflammatory bowel disease or amebiasis decreased colonic absorption caused by decreased surface area, mucosal disease, and osmotic factors and rapid transit, eg, irritable bowel syndrome. 

In dry air at room temperature this reaction is self-limiting, producing a highly impervious film of oxide ca 5 nm in thickness. The film provides both stabihty at ambient temperature and resistance to corrosion by seawater and other aqueous and chemical solutions. Thicker oxide films are formed at elevated temperatures and other conditions of exposure. Molten aluminum is also protected by an oxide film and oxidation of the Hquid proceeds very slowly in the absence of agitation. 

Many of the by-products of microbial metaboHsm, including organic acids and hydrogen sulfide, are corrosive. These materials can concentrate in the biofilm, causing accelerated metal attack. Corrosion tends to be self-limiting due to the buildup of corrosion reaction products. However, microbes can absorb some of these materials in their metaboHsm, thereby removing them from the anodic or cathodic site. The removal of reaction products, termed depolari tion stimulates further corrosion. Figure 10 shows a typical result of microbial corrosion. The surface exhibits scattered areas of localized corrosion, unrelated to flow pattern. The corrosion appears to spread in a somewhat circular pattern from the site of initial colonization. 

Coccidiosis is seen frequendy in puppies and kittens and is responsible for diarrhea and even death if the animals are maintained in unsanitary conditions. For dogs and cats there exists no satisfactory treatment however, the disease is self-limiting. Human infections can frequendy be traced to these animals. 

Cryptosporidiosis, an intestinal infection caused by protozoa of C ptosporidium species is a taxonomicaHy related disease (12). The disease affects animals, such as calves, lambs, and chickens, and infects humans woddwide, especially infants and children in developing countries. Symptoms range from mild self-limiting diarrhea and abdominal pain to a potentially fatal extreme diarrhea that results in weight loss and poor nutritional absorption. 

METAL FUME FEVER Nou-speeifie, self-limiting illness resembling an attaek of influenza eaused mainly by exposure to fumes of zine, eopper, or magnesium and less frequently due to exposure to other metal fumes. Exposures oeeur from molten metals, e.g. in smelting, galvanizing, welding. 

Self-limiting power characteristics, nonoverloading characteristic... 

Benign Not associated with negative health effects, self-limiting. 

Figure 12-46D, Part 1. View toward inlet of 4 Vj-in. diameter brazed aluminum impeller. Note Regardless of the metal of manufacture, enclosed impellers with back-leaning blades are extremely useful in applications requiring a steep head-volume characteristic and the highest attainable efficiency. Applications include parallel operation with other compressors or boosting of another compressor s output. The power-volume curve will show a self-limiting feature at higher volumes. This feature is very beneficial when the driver has limited power available but operation throughout the full capacity range is required. (Used by permission A C Compressor Corporation.)...

Even the presence of a dangerous layer of waterside scale reduces the heat flux only by a few per cent. Although this means that scale has little effect on radiant section performance, it also indicates that the metal temperature escalation due to the presence of scale is not self-limiting but is almost proportional to scale thickness. 

Inflammation occurs when a living tissue is injured or infected by microorganisms. It is a beneficial, self-limited response that requires phagocytic cells and elements of circulating plasma to enter the affected area. In principle it may achieve resolution and repair as the ideal outcome of inflammation. The persistent accumulation and activation of leukocytes is a hallmark of chronic inflammation. 

The presence of corrosion products is not always a negative event some small degree of surface corrosion of all steel heat exchanger surfaces is generally beneficial. Under the reducing conditions normally found on the surfaces of pre-boiler FW heaters, FW lines, and boiler surfaces, black magnetite naturally forms by the direct thermal reaction of water with steel. The development of this self-limited magnetite film is most desirable, and optimum formation is achieved at pH levels of 10.5 to 11.5. 

This oxidation reaction of steel is self-limited and takes place by the direct reaction of FW (or BW) with steel, which in effect is accomplished by the reduction of hydrogen ions supplied by the water. The reaction is shown here ... 

Passivation under a wide range of operating conditions and in all boiler designs is a goal of all BW treatment programs. It is achieved through the formation of a stable, continuous, uniform, self-limited, and nonporous magnetite film. (This objective also applies to the maintenance of cuprous oxide, the copper equivalent of a film of passive iron.)... 

The formation of a magnetite film, although highly desirable, is itself a form of corrosion. The effective protection of boiler surfaces requires the proper development of an adherent, nonporous, self-limited, and stable film. Under adverse conditions, however, such as when... 

In the absence of oxygen and at higher temperatures (as in a boiler), the corrosion is often self-limited as magnetite is formed ... 

In the continued absence of oxygen the corrosion is often self-limit-... 

NOTE Although the addition ofHF to HCl can be beneficial in helping to control the corrosion of steel (because fluoride ions form very stable self-limiting complexes with ferric ions), HF should not be used where significant hardness scales are present because calcium and magnesium fluorides (CaF2, MgF2) may be precipitated. 

The first dose effect may be minimized by decreasing the initial dose and administering the dose at bedtime The dosage can then be slowly increased every 2 weeks until a full therapeutic effect is achieved. If die patient experiences syncope, die nurse places die patient in a recumbent position and treats supportively. This effect is self-limiting and in most cases does not recur after the initial period of tiierapy. Light-headedness and dizziness are more common tiian loss of consciousness. The section below discusses these effects and provides interventions for management. 

C, the rate of reaction tends to be self limiting at hydrogen pressures up to 10 torr. The hydriding technique is used to recover metallic plutonium residues clinging to the walls of ceramic crucibles, and can also be used to recover machining scrap if the feed is free of lubricants or oxides. Mulford and SturdyO4) have found the heat of formation for the reaction... 

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