Outcomes ideal

Inflammation occurs when a living tissue is injured or infected by microorganisms. It is a beneficial, self-limited response that requires phagocytic cells and elements of circulating plasma to enter the affected area. In principle it may achieve resolution and repair as the ideal outcome of inflammation. The persistent accumulation and activation of leukocytes is a hallmark of chronic inflammation. 

Van den Akker, J. (1998). The science curriculum Between ideals and outcomes. In B. Fraser K. Tobin (Eds.), International handbook of science education (pp. 421 47). Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic Press. 

Lok and McMahon 2007), but the ideal outcome is undetectable HBV DNA (< 10-30lU/ml) in highly sensitive real-time PCR-based assays. In HBeAg-positive patients, loss of HBeAg followed by the emergence of anti-HBe antibodies ( e seroconversion) indicates a sustained response to therapy when it persists after treatment cessation. HBs seroconversion (loss of HBsAg and emergence of anti-HBs antibodies) is the most desirable endpoint, as it indicates a complete response with sustained remission from HBV disease. It is rarely achieved with cnrrent therapies. 

Economic studies should consider the costs of all the resources and services used in the process of care. In addition, the outcomes that are a consequence of the health or social care interventions evaluated need to be included. For dementia, these include the costs of hospital inpatient and out-patient care, primary and community-based health-care services, social welfare services, and care provided by voluntary agencies or by femily and friends. Ideally, a broad perspective reflecting the costs and outcomes to society should be adopted. As a minimum, the perspective of the analysis should include the costs and outcomes to key health and social care providers or funders and to patients and their families. 

To measure the success of CPR, therapeutic outcome monitoring should occur both during the resuscitation attempt and in the postresuscitation phase. The optimal outcome following CPR is an awake, responsive, spontaneously breathing patient. Ideally, patients must remain neurologi-cally intact with minimal morbidity after the resuscitation. 

Traditional markers of prognosis in cancer have relied on histological features such as tumor size and grade and whether or not local lymph nodes have metastasis. While these histological variables have been widely used over the years in assessing patient outcome, none is ideal. 

Under ideal conditions, the determination of the endpoint of a titration is simple. It can be accomplished by using an appropriate indicator or by straightforward analysis of a pH titration curve, e.g. through the detection of the inflection point of the pH vs. addition curve. Often the requirement of ideal conditions is not met, and so application of the above methods will result in approximations only. Proper numerical analysis of titration curves is possible and will result in significantly improved outcomes. 

The selection of variables is of central importance for the outcome of a system comparison on environmental and resource use impacts. The ideal variable or set of variables respectively provides information and describes the state of environmental phenomena with certain significance. Thus, applying a set of variables should make it possible to monitor and assess the state of the environment, to identify changes and trends, to transmit scientific data to become relevant for policy, and to evaluate already implemented policy measures. The concept of environmental indicators is broadly accepted as an adequate tool. Accordingly, an indicator is defined as a parameter or a value derived from parameters, which indicates the state of the environment with significance extending beyond that which is directly associated with a parameter value. A parameter s definition in this context is a property that is measured or observed (OECD 1994). Fieri et al. (1996) states that the purposes of indicators are as follows ... 

Calculations including the vapour phase were ftien made to determine the extent of release of various components during the reaction. Two types of calculation were made, one where ideal mixing in the solution phases was considered and the other where non-ideal interactions were taken into account. For elements such as Ba, U and, to a certain extent. Si, the calculations were relatively insensitive to the model adopted. However, the amoimt of Sr in the gas was 24 times higher in the full mo r in comparison to the ideal model. This led to the conclusion that sensitivity analysis was necessary to determine the extent to which accuracy of the thermodynamic parameters used in die model affected die final outcome of the predictions. 

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