Biological efficacy

Buyens K, Meyer M, Wagner E, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Sanders NN (2010) Monitoring the disassembly of siRNA polyplexes in serum is crucial for predicting their biological efficacy. J Control Release 141 38-41... 

Biological Efficacy Evaluations in Mosquito Coil Formulations... 

The biological efficacy of a drug candidate depends critically on the rate at which it dissociates from its therapeutically relevant target biomolecule. As described in... 

Please keep in mind that these factors are also things we have to consider on allelochemicals for commercialization. These factors are (1) Biological Efficacy. In the 1950 s and 1970 s, one to two kg active ingredient/ha rate was an acceptable rate of application ... 

Let us review again concerns about new agricultural chemicals. Among these factors, toxicology is the most Important, given biological efficacy. Most of the common allelochemicals are relatively safe as far as acute oral toxicity is concerned. However, their metabolites may be a problem. 

Goldstein NI, Prewett M, Zuklys K, et al. Biological efficacy of a chimeric antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor in a human tumor xenograft model. Clin Cancer Res 1995 1 1311— 1318. 

Noone, P.G., Hohneker, K.W., Zhou, Z., Johnson, L.G., Foy, C. et al. (2000) Safety and biological efficacy of a lipid-CFTR complex for gene transfer in the nasal epithelium of adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Mol. Then, 1, 105-114. 

H. Sasmor, and H. Moser, E. 1996. Second generation of antisense oligonucleotides From nuclease resistance to biological efficacy in animals. Chimia 50 168-176. 

Knowles, M. R., Noone, P. G., Hohneker, K., Johnson, L. G., Boucher, R. C., Efthimiou, J., Crawford, C., Brown, R., Schwartzbach, C. and Pearlman, R. (1998). A double-blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging study to evaluate the safety and biological efficacy of the lipid-DNA complex... 

However, one disadvantage associated with the use of most recombinant molecules is their rapid clearance. Because of this rapid clearance, recombinant molecules require repeated administration to achieve biological efficacy. Initially, continuous infusion was used to address this pharmacological deficiency. Continuous infusion has the advantage of delivering drugs in a controlled manner and is particularly appropriate when it is important to maintain constant plasma drug concentrations. However, the requirement for continuous venous access and the use of ambulatory pumps limits its use. 

Numerous herbicides are currently recommended and used for weed control in agricultural, industrial, and recreational areas. However, the method of formulation and application of such chemicals to plants or soils may markedly affect their biological efficacy and persistence. Chemical additives (primarily surfactants) in both oil and aqueous sprays are already used widely, and when properly understood, promise a virtual revolution in the use of agricultural chemicals. Conceivably, not only weed control performance and herbicidal selectivity can be altered but also distribution, metabolism, and accumulation of chemical residues. With the widespread introduction and increasing use of chemical additives in weed science and technology, we must therefore learn to reflect on what before we knew about the use of herbicides. 

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