Seed production cereals

Bread, brown bread, corn flakes, confectionery products, all bran-product cereals, linseeds, sesame seeds, infant formula... 

Multon, J.L., Preservation and Storage of Grains, Seed and Their By-Products—Cereals, Oilseeds, Pulses and Animal Feed, Lavoisier Publishing, New York (1988). 

The minimum requirement for all certified cereal seed production is that no other variety of the same species shall be grown in the field in the previous year. 

Northern Ireland and the hill areas of England and Wales where substantial seed potato enterprises still continue. The main advantages of these areas ate that the low temperatiues and strong winds keep aphid populations in check. This means that the severe virus diseases (leaf roll and the mosaics) which are spread from diseased to healthy plants by aphids, are less likely to occur. However, recent advances in aphid control and concerns over the quality of seed from some traditional areas have seen successful seed production extended to some of the English arable areas as a profitable break in predominantly cereal and break crop rotations. As with other forms of seed production the certifying authority in England and Wales is FERA, for Scotland SASA (Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture) and DARD in Northern Ireland. In all cases the same basic Seed Potato Classification Scheme (SPCS) obtains. 

Many plant products are very rich in cell wall materials. Cereal brans, seed hulls, various pulps (including beet pulp), citrus peels, apple pomace... are typical exemples of such by-products (1,2). They can be used after simple treatments as dietary fibres, functional fibres or bulking agents, depending on the nutritional claims (2). They can be used also eis sources of some polysaccharides. 

He also developed a seed disinfectant that was free of poisonous mercury, then widely used in agriculture. The disinfectant helped control Tilletia, a smut fungus that causes diseases in cereal crops. The product was introduced to Swiss agriculture in 1942, when grain supplies were extremely precarious. 

Phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate Fig. 15.3, structure 33) is found in many food species and can be considered as a phytochemical. Its role in the plant is primarily as a phosphate store in seeds, but it is found in other tissues as well, for example, tubers (Harland et al., 2004). Phytate and its hydrolysis products are anti-nutrients that chelate metal ions and thus reduce their bioavailability (Persson et al., 1998 House, 1999). This is particularly a problem with cereal grains, but pre-processing can improve mineral absorption from these foods (Agte and Joshi, 1997). There is some concern that high phytate foods could also contain higher levels of toxic heavy metals caused by natural accumulation. Plants also contain phytate-degrading enzymes that can also influence metal ion bioavailability (Viveros et al., 2000). 

Saprophytic, dark pigmented fungi such as Alternaria spp. can infect a wide range of plant species, especially tissues that are exposed to other biotic or abiotic stressors and older and senescing plant tissues. Also, wet weather conditions favour attack by Alternaria spp. Inoculum of Alternaria and potentially production of altemariol is further enhanced when cereal straw and stubble is left on the soil surface and not sufficiently incorporated into the soil after harvest (direct seeding and minimum tillage systems). 

Martin R A and Mac Leod J A (1991), Influences of production inputs on incidence of infection by Fusarium species on cereal seed , Plant Dis., 75, 784—788. 

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