Security of the State

At the core of the principal-agent dilemma is the theory of complicity, which attributes liability to a State that was complicit in a private act. Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), founder of the modem natural law theory, first formulated this theory 

The Complicity Theory, particularly from a Vattelhan and Blackstonian point of view is merely assumptive unless put to the test through a judicial process of extradition. In this Context it becomes relevant to address the issue through a discussion of the remedy. 

Laura M.B. Janes (USA) v. United Mexican States (1925) 4 R Inti Arb Awards 82. 

Black s Law Dictionary defines condonation as pardon of offense, voluntary overlooking implied forgiveness by treating offender as if offense had not been committed.  

The Convention, in its Article 2 recognizes that any person who by any means directly or indirectly, unlawfully or wDlfuUy, provides or collects funds with the intention that they should be used or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in full or in part, in order to cany out any act which crmstitutes an offence under certain named treaties, commits an offence. One of the treaties cited by the Convention is the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 15 December 1997.  

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In practice, the real government is the Council of Ten, whose official mandate is to guard the security of the state, but which meddles in anything it fancies— permissible wages and prices, what clothes may be worn, the way banks operate, so on and on. The Ten certainly include murder within their jurisdiction. The Maestro eyed his visitor angrily. The name of the victim ... 

You think you can withhold evidence vital to the security of the state ... 

In terms of the national security of the States Parties, however, how important are these procedures, and how do they relate to other aspects of compliance assurance at hand (whether provided by the Convention, e.g. in the context of its clarification procedures, or by other mecha-... 

At the center of Louis Napoleon s and Haussmann s plans for Paris lay the military security of the state. The redesigned city was, above... 

The wealth produced each year provides a portion for disposal which is not required to pay for either the labour that has produced it or the labour required to ensure its replacement by an equal or greater production of wealth. The owner of this disposable portion does not owe it directly to his work he possesses it independently of the use to which he puts his faculties in order to provide for his needs. Hence, it is out of this available portion of the annual wealth that the public authority, without violating anyone s rights, can establish the funds required for the security of the state, the preservation of peace within its borders, the protection of individual rights, the exercise of those powers established for the formation or execution of the law and, finally, the maintenance of public prosperity. 

The First Review Conference recognised, furthermore, the essential contribution that the Convention has made to confidence-building and cooperation among the States Parties, to international peace and security, and to the national security of the States Parties. 

With the spread of information and the desperation for hard currency of some of the state sponsors of terrorism, as well as the changing national security environment, it is possible that terrorists may build or acquire CBRN in the future. 

Recognizing that nuclear materials are widely available and the terrorists interests in radiological and nuclear devices, the United States Congress appropriated 300 million to the Department of Homeland Security to install radiation detectors at U.S. borders. Through 2005, DHS had installed 470 radiation portal monitors throughout the country including mail facilities and land and sea entries into the United States. The U.S. has also supported the installation of detectors at the borders of the states of the former Soviet Union through its Departments of State,... 

Further, The provision in section 4 of the Bill of Rights that the people have the right to bear arms for their defense and security refers to the people as a collective body. It was the safety and security of society that was being considered when this provision was put into our Constimtion. The court went on to point out that the provisions for the maintenance of the state militia implied that the state could regulate the way in which weapons were to be carried. 

August 10 A report released by the federal Department of Education says that about three-quarters of the states have experienced a decline in the number of students expelled for gun possession. At least part of the decline is attributed to stronger security measures instituted in schools following the Columbine shootings in April. 

The government s brief thereafter makes essentially two legal arguments. First, it contends that the right secured by the Second Amendment is only one which exists where the arms are borne in the militia or some other military organization provided for by law and intended for the protection of the state. Id. at 15. This, in essence, is the sophisticated collective rights model. 

The patent, a form of IP, "confers the right to secure the enforcement power of the state in excluding unauthorized persons, for a specified number of years, from making commercial use of a clearly identified invention" (Machlup 1958). As with all forms of IP, patents exist only because government says they do. Unlike real property, a house, a chair, a book, IP is non-rivalrous. There is no natural limit to the number of users of IP and no natural economic value except the production cost of the physical support. Thus, patents do "not arise out of the scarcity of the objects which become appropriated" (Plant 1934). 

It is immediately noticed that this factor does not depend on the length of the considered chain. [On the other hand, it depends on the chemical nature of the chain as a consequence of the appearance of fa — Oj), cf. Section 5.1.2]. Of particular importance is the elimination of the influence of distribution function ip, as in this way the influence of the state of flow (or strain in a permanent network) is eliminated. In this way, the validity of the stress-optical law, as described by eq. (1.4), seems fairly secured. As will be shown in Section 5.1.3, for flowing systems of uncross-linked chain molecules this result is due to the fact that the interaction of chains with their surroundings is thought to be concentrated in single points like their end-points. A discussion of the quality of this approximation will also be tried in that section. This approximation, however, has tacitly been made by all theories for Gaussain chains known at present. 

He did not think that the republic could be happy while walls were standing, yet morals were collapsing. But, you were more attached to the seductions of foul spirits than to the wisdom of men with foresight. That is why you take no blame for the evil you do, but blame Christianity for the evil you suffer. Depraved by prosperity, and unchastened by adversity, you desire, in your security, not the peace of the State, but liberty for license. (2)... 

We must specify what is a secure revocation scheme, i.e. describe the adversary s power and what is considered a successful break. We provide a sufficient condition for a Subset-Cover revocation scheme A to be secure. We start by stating the assumptions on the security of the encryption schemes E and F. All security definitions given below refer to an adversary whose challenge is of the form distinguish between two cases i and ii . 

See United States Executive Branch Report to Congress, Plan for Securing the Nuclear Weapons, Material, and Expertise of the States of the Former Soviet Union, 2003, pp. 47-57. 

The Review Conference recognized, however, that the security of the remaining stockpiles is a common interest of all States Parties, and therefore emphasized that the OPCW can be a forum for consultation and cooperation in this respect as well. It is at the discretion of the possessor States Parties to make use of this opportunity, for example to share experience, to develop and apply common standards, or to discuss any needs for assistance. 

Security Council Resolution 1540, adopted on 28 April 2004, confirms the connection with the OPCW s work. This has also been firmly established in the consultations of the States Parties, between the OPCW s Action Plan on Article VII of the Convention and Resolution 1540. Under the mandatory Security Council resolution, adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, all UN members are required ... 

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