Security cost effectiveness

Furthermore, the cost of the security system must bear a relationship to the risk, particularly since an increase in the cost of a system does not necessarily cause an increase in the level of security. Cost effectiveness should be of prime consideration. 

E-mail Address will.callicott srs.gov Web Address www.srs.gov The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a nuclear fuel storage and production site that works to protect the people and the environment of the U.S. through safe, secure, cost-effective management of the country s nuclear weapons stockpile and nuclear materials. While the site is owned by the U.S. Department of Energy, it is operated by Washington Savannah River Company, LLC (WSRC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Washington Group International. 

The WirelessHART (EC 62591) is a reliable, secure, cost-effective, multivendor, interoperable international wireless standard based on the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) protocol [35]. This standard supports operation in the 2.4 GHz ISM band using EEE 802.15.4 standard radios with data rate up to 250 kbps and is characterized by a time-synchronized, self-organizing, and self-healing mesh architecture. In WirelessHART, TDMA is used with 10-ms duration for each time slot to ensure contention-free transmission and a channel-hopping scheme for added system data bandwidth and robustness is employed. There are up to 15 radio frequency channels (16 with ISAlOO.lla in some world areas). OQPSK is used. Although the use of the WirelessHART standard is supposed to be easy, the implementation is more complex than the wired counterpart. 

In a fixed construction, all the feeders in the switchboard, feeding the various load points, are securely mounted in the assembly and rigidly connected to the main bus. In the event of a fault in one feeder on the bus side, a shutdown of the entire switchboard may be required. A process industry or critical loads can ill afford such an arrangement. However, since this is the most cost-effective switchboard, it is also the most common type and is used extensively. It also suits all applications, except a process industry or critical loads, which may not be able to afford a total shutdown or prolonged downtime in the event of a fault. In such cases a draw-out type switchboard will prove to be a better choice as discussed below. A fixed-type construction may further be classified as follows. 

The principal aims of security should be to forestall both organized and opportunist crime by cost-effective measures. While there is considerable variety in the type of criminal attack and skills involved, fortunately there is a tendency for them to act in a similar way, and this enables a common philosophy to be applied when determining countermeasures. 

Whilst careful design and informed forethought can often minimise or even prevent corrosion at little extra cost where the environmental conditions or the conditions of service are severe (as in most forms of marine and offshore engineering) reliable, secure and cost-effective corrosion control cannot be effectively achieved without considerable expense, although even in these circumstances good design can help to significantly reduce this. In... 

Non-metallic materials can provide cost-effective and secure solutions... 

Chemical vapor sensors play an ever-increasing role in the environmental monitoring, homeland security, defense, and health care. The desirable characteristics of a chemical vapor sensor include ultrahigh sensitivity, specific and rapid response to certain vapor molecules, as well as the ability for on-the-spot chemical analysis, which usually requires the sensor to be small, portable, reusable, stable, robust, and cost effective. Toward this end, various sensing techniques have been studied... 

Current security and health concerns require robust, cost-effective, and efficient tools and strategies for the simultaneous analysis, detection, and often even quantification of multiple analytes or events in parallel. The ability to screen for and quantify multiple targets in a single assay or measurement is termed multiplexing. 

Move as quickly as possible with the most obvious and cost-effective physical improvements, such as perimeter fences, security lighting, tamper-proof manhole covers and valve boxes, etc. 

Australia also has abundant coal resources and focuses on coal gasification as part of its COAL 21 program, which includes research on carbon sequestration as part of the national clean coal strategy. The objective is that Australia s vast coal reserves would remain a long-term, secure and cost-effective source of energy, but rather than burn the coal power plants would gasify that coal and capture and sequester the CO2 in geological formations. 

Cost-effectiveness and mass deployment of critical systems in combination with non-critical systems is a trend, where many other application areas will benefit from, so that there is a clear need not only for application-specific ICT-technology, but for generic dependable ICT-technology (hardware, software, SoC (Systems-on-Chip), building blocks, communication) which fulfils the requirements of generic functional safety and security standards as well as of sector-specific ones (certification to create trust in these systems ). 

Commitments to purchase pilot plant quantities of key intermediates from Antibioticos, our cephalosporin-producing partner in the development of the electrochemical reduction process, was also considered essential in the secure-ment of a cost-effective supplier of raw materials. 

In order to provide a more representative picture, sampling and analytical procedures such as automatic sequential sampling to provide composite samples over a period of time (usually 24 hours), continuous on-line monitoring, frequent sampling, or in-field measurement must be used. The first two involve the use of expensive equipment that requires a power supply, and needs to be deployed in a secure site, and the third would be expensive because of transport and labour costs. The last one can be considered as emerging techniques and represents a very useful alternative to current practice. Field techniques (both sampling and measurement methods) can be cost effective, and can provide a rapid representative overview of the parameter of interest. 

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