Rigid connection

In a fixed construction, all the feeders in the switchboard, feeding the various load points, are securely mounted in the assembly and rigidly connected to the main bus. In the event of a fault in one feeder on the bus side, a shutdown of the entire switchboard may be required. A process industry or critical loads can ill afford such an arrangement. However, since this is the most cost-effective switchboard, it is also the most common type and is used extensively. It also suits all applications, except a process industry or critical loads, which may not be able to afford a total shutdown or prolonged downtime in the event of a fault. In such cases a draw-out type switchboard will prove to be a better choice as discussed below. A fixed-type construction may further be classified as follows. 

A sector rigidly connected with the telescope, on which divisions (representing refractive indices) are engraved. 

Body. A collection of particles. A rigid body is a rigidly connected collection of particles. 

Framing action from rigid connections between columns and roof members ... 

Here u is a unit vector oriented along the rotational symmetry axis, while in a spherical molecule it is an arbitrary vector rigidly connected to the molecular frame. The scalar product u(t) (0) is cos 0(t) in classical theory, where 6(t) is the angle of u reorientation with respect to its initial position. It can be easily seen that both orientational correlation functions are the average values of the corresponding Legendre polynomials ... 

Committee 43, Semi-Rigid Connections in Steel Frames, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Committee 43, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY, 1993... 

The label of rigid group as used here may apply to atoms or rigidly connected groups of atoms. In the former case, we obtain... 

The rake arms are driven by fixed connections or dragged by cables or chains suspended from a drive arm that is rigidly connected to the drive... 

It might be thought that inverting the molecule-fixed coordinates of all particles is equivalent to inverting the space-fixed coordinates of all particles, but this is not so. The direction of the z axis is defined as going from nucleus a to nucleus b, since the xyz axes are rigidly connected to the nuclear framework when we invert the coordinates of electrons and nuclei, we interchange nuclei a and b, and thereby reverse the direction of... 

A thermally induced residual stress. The origin of the residual stresses is a mismatch of thermal expansion behaviors among the components. Rigid connection of each component with different thermal expansion coefficients causes residual stresses. For example, the electrolyte and electrodes are fabricated and connected at a high temperature. If the thermal expansion behaviors are not identical among the components, residual stresses will occur in the cell at room temperature. For stacks, similar residual stresses will occur by a mismatch of thermal expansion behavior among cells and other stack components. 

OO distance and the covalent OH bond length, denoted r, are assumed to be fixed. We also assume that a dipole moment p is rigidly connected with a molecule, so its turn on the angle (3 is accompanied by the same turn of the dipole-moment vector from the position p to p (see Fig. 56b). For simplicity we consider rotation of a molecule OBB in a plane. Then the equation of motion under the torque due to stipulated by this force is given by... 

In view of our assumption about rigid connection of the dipole moment p with the amplitude p0 of rotational (librational) motion, the energy [Eq. (433)] could be identified with the dipole s potential energy pEint in effective internal conservative electric field. 

It is common knowledge that in the case of chemical induction, the primary reaction produces useful work for a conjugated reaction to proceed. As two chemical reactions are conjugated, they must both be rigidly connected to one another, because successful realization of this scheme permanently demands useful work to be produced by the primary reaction. Termination of active site generation in the primary reaction leads to secondary reaction termination. 

Silica exposure has been associated with increased incidences of scleroderma, a condition manifested by hardened, rigid connective tissue. In this respect, it is believed that silica acts by an adjuvant mechanism in which it enhances the autoimmune response caused by other agents, such as silicones or paraffin.8... 

In a supramolecular approach to fullerene-porphyrin hybrids, the assembly of a rigidly connected dyad, in which a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin, Zn(TPP), is noncovalently linked to a C60 derivative via axial pyridine coordination to the metal, was reported [219-222]. Photo excitation of the dyad Zn-complex led to electron transfer with very long lifetimes of the charge-separated pairs, as revealed by optical spectroscopy and confirmed by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Accordingly, two different solvent-dependent pathways can be considered for the electron-transfer processes. Either the excitation of the porphyrin chromophore is followed by fast intramolecular electron transfer inside the complex, or alternatively the free porphyrin is excited undergoing intermolecular electron transfer when the acceptor molecules ap-... 

The products being highly fluorescent molecules, oligophenylene vinylene chromophores, rigidly connected to hydrolyzable alkoxysilane moieties, are interesting for electrical and optical applications. 

The synthesis of a bis-macrocycle (29) as the central core possessing two back-to-back rigidly connected 1,10-phenanthroline units was prepared from the macrocyclic dione 30 and act as "molecular handcuffs" as demonstrated by their two-step conversion to a bis-Cu(II) complex with 2,9-[di-p-(3-butenyloxyphenyl)]-l,10-phenanthroline, followed by a ringclosing metathesis reaction to give the desired catenane 31 <07CC4410>. 

---