Secondary Function

Many believe that couplings are only torque transmitters between different pi( s of equipment with a secondary function of handling everpresent misalignment. 

Wet scrubbers rely on a liquid spray to remove dust particles from a gas stream. They are primarily used to remove gaseous emissions, with particulate control a secondary function. The major types are venturi scrubbers, jet (fume) scrubbers, and spray towers or chambers. Venturi scrubbers consume large quantities of scrubbing liquid (such as water) and electric power and incur high pressure drops. Jet or fume scrubbers rely on the kinetic energy of the liquid stream. The typical removal efficiency of a jet or fume scrubber (for particles 10 g. or less) is lower than that of a venturi scrubber. Spray towers can handle larger gas flows with minimal pressure drop and are therefore often used as precoolers. Because wet scrubbers may contribute to corrosion, removal of water from the effluent gas of the scrubbers may be necessary. 

In selecting an insulation product for a particular application, consideration should be given not only to its primary function but also to the many secondary functions, and often-unappreciated requirements, which the insulation of pipe or vessel may place on the insulation product. Some of these product requirements are discussed below. 

Smaller industrial cogenerators may produce electricity only as a secondary function by coupling back-pressure turbines (0.2-5MW sets) to their various process operations. 

Also, many operators commonly generate electrical power as a primary function via gas turbine or diesel engines, and then as a secondary function use heat extracted from the cooling jackets and flue gases to generate steam in a WH boiler or a HR boiler. 

In addition to full- or part-treatment formulations (boiler compounds), the art and science of BW treatment usually requires the application of certain primary functional chemicals and secondary functional chemicals (adjuncts) to provide a comprehensive program, as outlined below ... 

The heart is located underneath the sternum and between the lungs. In most adults, it weighs between 250 and 350 grams (0.55-0.77 lb). Its major role is to provide oxygen-rich blood to all organs and areas of the body. As a secondary function, the heart secretes atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), a hormone that regulates blood pressure and volume status. The inability of the heart to pump enough blood to maintain normal body requirements is known as heart failure. Refer to Chapter 3 for more information on heart failure. 

Only in one case (498), a- chloro-substituted oxime was isolated as the only product of silylation of secondary -functionalized AN. 

In contrast to the intramolecular process, simple allenes do not participate in the intermolecular [5 + 2]-reaction with VCP 18. However, when a second functionality is incorporated into the allene, an efficient and facile cycloaddition occurs, presumably assisted by a directing effect of the secondary functional group. The [5 + 2]-reaction also works with styrenyl- and cyano-substituted allenes as directing groups (Scheme 12). As would be expected from... 

DMSP is a compound that cannot easily be characterized as either a primary or a secondary metabolite because it has primary functions in some organisms and secondary functions in others (Stefels 2000 Steinke et al. 2002 Yoch 2002) in many, if not most of the organisms that produce it, it probably has both. In addition to their physiological and ecological roles, DMSP and DMS are important to global biogeochemical cycling and possibly climate (Malin et al. 1992 Liss et al. 1994 Malin and Kirst 1997 Yoch 2002). 

Snakes occupy a unique place in our collective imagination. The primary function of snake venom is to immobilize or kill prey for food. A secondary function of the venom is defensive or protective, but clearly snakes are not capable of eating large animals, such as humans. Often venomous snakes will strike but not release venom, which conserves a valuable resource. Approximately 400 of the more than 3500 species of snake are sufficiently venomous to be a threat to humans and other large animals. 

Figure 3-19 shows a generalized solution process for polymerization of styrene. Actual processes may have up to five reactors in series processes with only one reactor are sometimes used. Styrene, solvent (usually ethylbenzene in amounts of 2-30%), and occasionally initiator are fed to the first reactor. Solvent is used primarily for viscosity control with the amount determined by the exact configuration of the reactor and the polymer molecular weight desired. A secondary function of solvent is control of molecular weight by chain... 

Many alkaloids are toxic to foreign organisms. Toxicity is a secondary function of the alkaloids, because they are generally non-toxic to the organisms producing them. This is very important for understanding alkaloid nature. There are many studies on alkaloid toxins published in recent The... 

Designated type as given by principal and secondary functions (or the relevant standards), e.g. accelerating, water-reducing or water-reducing/retarding admixture (e.g., ASTM, Type D). 

Esters. The hydrolysis of a number of esters has been shown to be subject to catalysis by metal ions. Structurally these esters are similar they contain a secondary functional group which can serve as a ligand for a metal ion. 

Thus, the main function of the DOC is to oxidize CO and unburned HCs. The secondary function, utilized in combined exhaust aftertreatment systems, is the oxidation of NO to N02, which then enables optimum operation of the NOx aftertreatment catalysts placed down the exhaust line (NSRC and/or SCR, cf. Sections VI, VII and VIII, and also DPF). 

---