Insulation products

The most important properties of refractory fibers are thermal conductivity, resistance to thermal and physical degradation at high temperatures, tensile strength, and elastic modulus. Thermal conductivity is affected by the material s bulk density, its fiber diameter, the amount of unfiberized material in the product, and the mean temperature of the insulation. Products fabricated from fine fibers with few unfiberized additions have the lowest thermal conductivities at high temperatures. A plot of thermal conductivity versus mean temperature for three oxide fibers having equal bulk densities is shown in Figure 2. 

Fibrous glass insulation products require energy in their manufacture. However, it has been estimated that they save approximately 20 J per year for each joule used in production. In the United States in 1980, approximately 1.9 biUion of insulation fibrous glass was sold, which is over 1.4 biUion kg. 

In selecting an insulation product for a particular application, consideration should be given not only to its primary function but also to the many secondary functions, and often-unappreciated requirements, which the insulation of pipe or vessel may place on the insulation product. Some of these product requirements are discussed below. 

While all insulation products are supplied in their natural as-produced finish, they are also available with a variety of facings that are either applied on-line during manufacture or as a secondary off-line process. The facings are applied for functional, technical or aesthetic reasons, generally as follows. 

There is a third real reason for deviations from Eq. (5.18) in the case that a non-conductive insulating product layer is built via a catalytic reaction on the catalyst electrode surface (e.g. an insulating carbonaceous or oxidic layer). This is manifest by the fact that C2H4 oxidation under fuel-rich conditions has been found to cause deviations from Eq. (5.18) while H2 oxidation does not. A non-conducting layer can store electric charge and thus the basic Eq. 5.29 (which is equivalent to Eq. (5.18)) breaks down. 

Borates are widely used in fire retardant applications. For example, cellulose insulation products used in homes and cotton batting used in mattresses and other furnishings are typically treated with boric acid to inhibit smoldering combustion. Borates are also used as fire retardants or fire retardant synergists in plastics, rubber products, and paints, where specialized borates such as zinc borate may be used. 

European Community Classes of Reaction to Fire Performance for Construction Products Excluding Floorings, Linear Pipe Thermal Insulation Products,... 

High temperature textiles consisting of continuous filaments of amorphous silica in a variety of forms are available conunerdally. These can he used to replace asbestos-based high temperature textiles because of the health hazards associated with asbestos fiber. These high silica fibers are used for a variety of high temperature thermal insulation products for example, welding curtains. 

More recently Pactiv, formerly Tenneco Packaging, has manufactured foamed polystyrene sheet and boardstock. A tandem extrusion line is used to produce polystyrene foam insulation products. 

Historically, most of the State and Federal specifications and building codes were developed to protect occupants from fire. Today, however, many building codes and specifications require energy conservation, and specify permissible heat loss or gain, as well as the use and manner of installation of insulation products. 

This Technical Report applies only to prefabricated thermal insulation products. It consists largely of tables. Foams are not mentioned directly. 

Phenolic resins have been used as binders for mineral wool insulation products. Typically, the... 

Unwashed new clothing samples (Table IIC), fiberglass insulation products with formaldehyde resins (Table IID), paper products (Table HE), fabrics (cotton, nylon, olefin, and blended) (Table HF), and carpets (Table HG), had substantially 3 to > 100 fold) lower formaldehyde release rate coefficients, as measured by this method, than did pressed wood products or urea formaldehyde foams (1, 15). 

Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation Products Urea formaldehyde foam... 

The relative ranking for each type of product on the basis of rate of release of formaldehyde per unit surface area was pressed wood products z formaldehyde foam clothes z insulation products z paper products > fabric > carpet. Considering the surface area of each type of product likely to be present in houses and the relative release rate coefficients. 

Most products tested released only small amounts of formaldehyde. Only some pressed wood and urea formaldehyde foam insulation products released higher amounts of formaldehyde. Products tested in both ventilated chambers and unventilated desiccators released similar amounts of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde released by particle board was reabsorbed by the second product tested in a dynamic chamber. In a house this reabsorption might lower the room level of formaldehyde. 

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