Scratch and Abrasion Resistance

Scratch and abrasion resistance is very important, especially in the home appliance and automotive industries [134]. The manufacturer may be forced to use a more expensive polymer or an unfilled polymer in order to maximise scratch resistance. There are two different aspects of scratch resistance. One is the actual size of the physical scratch, but the more important aspect is usually the visibility of the scratch, because that is what the user sees. Often filler increases the visibility of scratches. A 

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This group includes such items as surface hardness, i.e. scratch and abrasion resistance, adhesion and resistance to chipping, crazing and impact. All of... 

Fig. 6. Composition and scratch and abrasion resistance of various compositions...

Diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) is used to form clear castings which have excellent thermal stability as well as scratch and abrasion resistance. The pol3uners and copolymers with methyl methacrylate are used in optical... 

Hardness, scratch and abrasion resistance, and wear (friction) properties are characteristics which can be important for the selection of the most suitable material for a specific job. For the purpose of comparison, the designer must make sure that the data shown in the various charts have been produced using the same test methods. 

Chem. Deserp. Aromatic urethane acrylate oligomer Uses Film-former for U V/EB coatings and inks, clear overprint varnishes and pigmented systems on wood, metal and rigid plastic substrates Features Fast cure pourable exc. scratch and abrasion resist, chars. ... 

This homogenous distribution of the hard, silane-modified fumed silica particles results in extremely scratch- and abrasion-resistant formulations. An indication of the performance of this system is given in Fig. 7. 

PC sheet and injection molded parts may have a variety of coatings, including a range of hardcoats that enhance weathering, scratch, and abrasion resistance. 

Polyolefin (PO = PP, HOPE, EPR, or PMP) was blended with an impact modifier, 0.1-5 wt% colorant and/or 5-50 wt% of opadfios, and a styrene-diolefin block copolymer, grafted with 1-6 mol% of acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, or snlftniale functionality (SEBS, SEPS, radial SEB, or SEP). To improve scratch resistance the blend contained 100-3,000 ppm Zn stearate and 16-22C fatty acid amide. The alloys were injection molded into parts showing impact, scratch, and abrasion resistance. They were used to manufacture interior trim for vehicles and in other applications where a scratch- and scuff-resistant plastic material is required ... 

Botup, B., Eddmann, R and Mehnert, R. (2003) Silanes and inorganic particles the winning combination for scratch and abrasion resistant coatings. Eur. Coat.]., 6. 21-27. 

Glasel, H.-)., Bauer, E., Ernst, H., Findeisen, M., Hartmann, E., Langguth, H., Mehnert, R., and Schubert, R. (2000) Preparation of scratch and abrasion resistant polymeric nanocomposites by monomer grafting onto nanoparticles,... 

Bauer F, Flyunt R, CzUial K, Buchmeiser MR, Langguth H, Mehnert R (2006) NanoMicro particle hybrid composites for scratch and abrasion resistant polyacrylate coatings. Macromol Mater Eng 291(5) 493 98... 

Coatings are susceptible to damage caused by scratch and/or abrasion. Clearly, the consumer prefers to retain the aesthetic appearance of coated materials, and for this reason clear coats used on automobiles must have good scratch and abrasion resistance. An added problem is that scratches may also cause damage to the underlying substrate. 

Silane coupling agents may also be directly used as coatings for a variety of applications (10,13,14). Coupling agents in coatings formulations can be used in either solvent- or water-borne systems, such as clear coats for automotive applications (13,15). Formulations can also be used to impart scratch and abrasion resistance to softer materials such as polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (14). Applications of this type allow the use of materials whose bulk properties are desirable because the surface properties can be fine-tuned. 

The critical factors that determine the surface quality are low gloss appearance along with good scratch and abrasion resistance [22]. 

Scratch and abrasion resistant Organic-Inorganic hybrid (Schottner,... 

Schottner G., Rose K., Posset U. Scratch and abrasion resistant coatings on plastic lenses— state of the art, current development and perspectives. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2003 27 71-79... 

The most important benefits expected from the nanosilica reinforcement are the following (i) lower viscosity of the resin formulation compared to common reinforcing fillers and a complete suppression of sedimentation, (ii) increased fracture toughness, impact strength, and modulus, (iii) improved scratch- and abrasion-resistance, (iv) reduced shrinkage upon curing and reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion, (v) improved dielectric properties, (vi) improve-... 

Mechanical protection of substrates is one of the most important applications of sol-gel coatings [31,32], and in the literature most of the works are related to enhancing the scratch and abrasion resistance of underlying substrates. Therefore, the mechanical robustness of the coating is vital for its tribological behavior. 

One of the attractive features of the sol-gel process is that it enables the preparation of numerous types of new organic-inorganic materials with improved thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical properties, such as host oxide materials, which are either impossible or extremely difficult to synthesize by any other process. The numerous applications of these materials include scratch and abrasive-resistant hard coatings and special coatings for polymeric materials, metal and glass surfaces. Specifically for mild steeE and aluminum 2024 alloys - widespread uses of these ormosil materials have been reported. 

Poly(ether- -urethane)s and poly(ester-6-urethanes)s are designated as TPUs. Interestingly, nanoreinforcement is considered as a suitable tool for the property improvement of crosslinked polyurethanes. The interest in this development is due to the traditional application of crosslinked polyurethanes (coatings, varnishes, etc.) where the modification with nanoparticles may be very promising e.g., yielding scratch and abrasion resistance). Therefore, it is appropriate to have a look at the related works and adopt the results for thermoplastic grades. Note that the related teaching can be rather easily transferred from thermoset to thermoplastic polyurethanes. 

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