Scots pine, wood

Finally, in order to establish unequivocally the identity of the native and residual lignin of white Scots pine wood, the sound wood was first extracted with ethyl alcohol to remove the native lignin fraction. The extracted wood was then decayed by means of the brown rot fungi,... 

That some of the lignin, undoubtedly, is present in a free state in wood, is concluded from the fact that up to 10% of the total native lignin in the wood can be extracted with ethyl alcohol at room temperature. Further support for the incrustation theory is given by Nord in that an additional 23% of the native lignin in white Scots pine wood... 

Manninen, A.M., Pasanen, P. and Holopainen, J.K. (2002). Comparing the atmospheric emissions between air-dried and heat-treated Scots pine wood. Atmospheric Environment, 36(11), 1763-1768. 

WiUfor S, Hohnbom B. Isolation and characterization of water soluble polysaccharides from Norway spruce and Scots pine. Wood Sci Technol 2004 38 173-9. 

Impermeable timbers have a good resistance to polluted atmospheres where acid fumes rapidly attack steel. Wood has given excellent service in the buildings of chemical works and railway stations. Permeable wood species and sapwood can suffer defibration problems caused by the sulphur dioxide of industrial atmospheres. Tile battens are particularly vulnerable. The heartwood of Douglas fir, pitch pine, larch, Scots pine/European redwood and many tropical hardwoods give good service in these conditions. 

Willfor, S., Sjoholm, R., Laine, C., and Holmbom, B. (2002) Stmctural features of water-soluble arabinogalactans from Norway spmce and Scots pine heartwood. /. Wood Sci. Technol, 36, 101-110. 

Consequently, the native and enzymatically liberated lignins from white Scots pine, oak, birch, maple, kiri1 wood and bagasse were oxidized with nitrobenzene in alkali. The method of Stone 113) was applied quantitatively in this study. The amount of each degradation product obtained from each of the lignins is listed in Table 12 110). 

FIRI D, F Dendro-dated wood (Belfast Scots Pine) 0.5705... 

FIRI I Belfast Scots Pine Dendro-dated Wood Cellulose pMC Dr. E. M. Scott, U. Glasgow... 

The number of OH groups per unit mass of dry wood can be calculated on the basis of an estimate of the number of the OH groups associated with each of the cell wall polymeric constituents (Table 2.2) (Rowell, 1980). An example is given for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). This gives the number of theoretical OH groups according to... 

There have been reports in which acetylation has a detrimental affect upon mechanical properties. Reachon of Scots pine in an acetic anhydride/xylene solution for 4 hours at 145 °C resulted in a 50 % decrease in the tensile modulus (Ramsden etal., 1997). Spruce modified in acetic anhydride at 100 °C was found to exhibit a reduction in toughness of about 20 %, compared to unmodified wood (Reiterer and Sinn, 2002). 

Boonstra, M.G., Pizzi, A., Tekely, P. and Pendlebury, J. (1996). Chemical modification of Norway spruce and Scots pine. A C NMR CP-MAS study of the reactivity of polymeric wood components with acetic anhydride. Holzforschung, 50(3), 215-220. 

Qetin, N.S. and Ozmen, N. (2001). Dimensional changes in Corsican and Scots pine sapwood due to reaction with crotonic anhydride. Wood Science and Technology, 35(3), 257-267. 

Evans, P.D., Wallis, A.E.A. and Owen, N.L. (2000). Weathering of chemically modified wood surfaces. Natural weathering of Scots pine acetylated to different weight gains. Wood Science and Technology, 34(2), 151-165. 

Sailer, M., Rapp, A.O. and Leithoff, H. (2000a). Improved resistance of Scots pine by apphcation of an oil-heat treatment. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Doc. No. IRGAVP 00-40162. 

Zaman, A., Alen, R. and Kotilainen, R. (2000) Thermal behaviour of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pubescens) at 200-230 deg C. Wood and Fiber Science, 32(2), 138-143. 

Nuopponen, M. et al., A UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopic study on the extractable compounds in Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) wood Part II. Hydrophilic compounds, Spectrochim. Acta A, 60, 2963, 2004. 

The Hemicelluloses of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Black Spruce (Picea nigra) Woods, A. R. N. Gorrod and J. K. N. Jones,/. Chem. Soc., (1954) 2522-2525. 

In Scandinavia where Scots pine is the principal wood material in the kraft pulp industry, a normal yield of tall oil in the northern regions is at least 50 kg/ton of pulp but it is considerably lower in the middle or southern regions. In the United States, southern pines also give a tall oil yield of about 50 kg/ton of pulp whereas only about 30 kg/ton can be recovered from Douglas fir in the industry at the Pacific coast. 

---