Scopolia root

Scopolia lurida (Anisodus luridus). Roots, 2 to 2-8, of which about one-fifth is hyoscine (Kreier ). According to Rabinovich and Konovalova, the root contains hyoscyamine and cuscohygrine (p. 103) but no hyoscine. ... 

Scopolia tangutica Max. San Long Zhi (root) Hyoscyamine, scopolamine, anisodamine, anisodine.33-42 Treat shock caused by acute infectious diseases, cerebral thrombosis, acute spinal cord inflammation. 

Although there are some differences in the degree of enhancement of extractability, among the modifiers employed in this study, 10% methanol basified with diethylamine was found to be optimal for the extraction of hyoscyamine (1) and scopolamine (2) from both the roots and aerial parts of Scopolia japonica. While the recoveries from the roots and aerial parts of S. 

Tropane alkaloids, principally hyoscyamine and hyoscine, are also found in two other medicinal plants, scopolia and mandrake, but these plants find little current use. Scopolia (Scopolia carniolica Solanaceae) resembles belladonna in appearance, though it is considerably smaller. Both root and leaf materials have been employed medicinally. The European mandrake (Mandragora officinarum Solanaceae) has a complex history as a hypnotic, a general panacea, and an aphrodisiac. Its collection has been surrounded by much folklore and superstition, in that pulling it from the ground was said to drive its collector mad due to the unearthly shrieks emitted. The roots are frequently forked and are loosely likened to a man or woman. Despite the Doctrine of Signatures, which teaches that the appearance of an object indicates its special properties, from a pharmacological point of view, this plant would be much more efficient as a pain-reliever than as an aphrodisiac. 

The atropine series contains a number of very closely allied alkaloids of which the chief are atropine, hyoscyamine, and hyoscine (also called scopolamine). They are found in the roots and leaves of many plants of the Solanaceae, notably belladonna (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), the thorn apple or jimson weed (Datura stramonium), and some members of the Duboisia and Scopolia genera. These plants were used during the Middle Ages as sorcerer s drugs and have been smoked, chewed, or imbibed in the form of decoctions by primitive people for the hallucinations and frenzy they produce (Figure 14.1). 

Roots of Scopolia atropoides Hydrochloric or acetic acid Potassium carbonate... 

Scopolamin was isolated from roots of Scopolia atropoides genus Solanaceae. 

TLC MeOH Aluminum oxide C HC1 j-dehydrated EtOH (95 5) Dilute K, iodobismuthate TS-Kl/L (1 1) CP, other alkaloids, isolated form root of Scopolia tangutica Maxim. [1138]... 

Antazoline Bulk HPLC oxide Silica (95 5) MethanolicO.Ol M iodobismuthate TS-K1/L (1 I) isolated form root of Scopolia tangutica Maxim, TLC [1] GC [2] HPLC [3]... 

Calystegine Aj Physalis alkekengi vat.francheti (Solanaceae) Scopolia japonica (Solanaceae) roots Hyoscyamus niger (Solanaceae) leaves/roots Lycium chinense (Solanaceae) roots ... 

Calystegine Bi Convolvulus arvensis (Convolyulaceae) leaves/roots Calystegia sepium (Convolyulaceae) leaves/roots Physalis alkekengi (Solanaceae) roots Hyoscyamus niger (Solanaceae) leaves/roots Mandragora officinarum (Solanaceae) leaves/roots/fruits" Scopolia spp. (Solanaceae) leaves/roots Ipomoea batatus (Convolyulaceae) leaves/roots Duboisia leicMutrdtii (Solanaceae) leaves Lycium chinense (Solanaceae) roots ... 

Cuculic M, Kalodera Z, Sindik J, Kvasic D, Petricic J. [Familial poisoning with the root of the plant, Scopolia carniolica Jacq.] Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 1988 39(3) 345-8. 

In this article, we demonstrate the establishment of the adventitious and the hairy root cultures of several solanaceous plant species including Datura, Duboisia, Hyoscyamus, and Scopolia etc. for the production and biosynthetic studies of tropane alkaloids. In addition, the isolation and structural elucidation of the new tropane alkaloid 7P-hydroxyhyoscyamine and the piperidone alkaloid hyalbidone from them is also presented. 

The adventitious root cultures of Datura innoxia, Duboisia hybrid M-II-8-14 (a cross-bred between D. myoporoides and D. leichhardtii), and Scopolia tangutica were established from the axenic shoot cultures or intact plants (in the case of Duboisia) on MS solid medium containing 0.1 mg/1 NAA or 1.0 mg/1 lAA. The adventitious roots were maintained in MS liquid medium containing the same phytohormones (0.1 mg/1 NAA or 0.5 mg/1 lAA) in the dark. Addition of auxin in the culture medium has been employed for the maintenance of adventitious root cultures [14], however, the adventitious roots of H. albus and H. niger were induced and maintained in hormone-free 1/2 MS medium [15]. 

Hairy roots of Datura innoxia, Duboisia hybrid M-II-8-6, Scopolia tangutica and the Hyoscyamus species were established by the co-culture method using their leaf discs with A. rhizogenes 15834. In addition, H. albus was transformed with A. rhizogenes strain MAFF 03-01724 [15]. 

Two non-identified tropane alkaloids have been isolated from aerial parts of Scopolia tangutica. Correlation between total alkaloid content in Belladonna leaves and roots has been made. Regional differences in tropane alkaloid formation of atropine and scopolamine have been studied, using Atropa belladonna. Uptake of Vitavax-6 (10) via the C-labelled species was followed in Datura innoxia, a... 

Another transformed tropane alkaloid-producing plant was Scopolia parviflora. In the transgenic hairy roots which overexpressed H6H enzyme, hyoscyamine and scopolamine accumulated at high concentrations. The best transgenic line yielded 8.12 mg/g dry weight of scopolamine, representing a 3-fold increase compared to wild-type roots [174]. 

Atropine is the optically inactive mixture of dextro- and laevo-hyoscyamine. Laevo-hyoscyamine alone occurs in nature. The hest source of hyoscyamine is a variety of henbane indigenous in Egypt, Soudan and India, known as Hyoscyamus muticus, in the various parts of which it has been shown to be present in the following proportions leaves 1.4% stems 0.6 % seeds 0.87-1.34%. Atropine is also manufactured from the root of Scopolia carniolica, in which hyoscyamine is present to the extent of 0.43-0.51% and from A ropa belladonna, the leaves of which contain, on the average, 0.4%, and the roots 0.5%, of hyoscyamine. Many other solanaceous plants of the Datura species contain these alkaloids, in varying, and smaller, amounts, often associated with hyoscine or scopolamine. 

Calystegine Bi (35) Calystegia sepium (Convotvulaceae) leaves/roots [48] Convolvulus arvensis (Convotvulaceae) leaves/roots [47,49] Ipomoea batatus (Convotvulaceae) leaves/roots [8] Physalis alkekengi (Solanaceae) roots [51] Scopolia carniolica (Solanaceae) leaves/roots [52] Mandragora officinarum (Solanaceae) leaves/roots/fruits [52] Hyoscyamus tuger (Solanaceae) leaves/roots [52]... 

The Solanaceae root extracts (1-3) are characterized not only by the alkaloids hyos-cyamine and scopolamine (see Chapter 1. Figs. 27, 28), but also by the coumarins scopoletin (Tl) and the scopoletin-7-O-glucoiiide ( scopolin"). The alkaloid content dominates in BeJladonnae radix, while Scopoliae radix has a high coumarin content. 

Y. Mano, N. Nabeshima, and H. Okawa. Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP 61254195 A2 11-11-1986. JP 85-97326, 7-05-1985. Tropane alkaloid production by tissue culture (hairy roots, Scopolia and Datura). Chem. Abstr. 107, 174434n. 

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