Scopolia

Scopolia carniolica S. atropoides, S. Hladnikiana). Rhizomes, 0-43 to 0-51 hyoscyamine and hyoscine. ... 

Scopolia japonica. Leaves, 0-18 hyoscyamine and norhyoscj mine. ... 

Scopolia lurida (Anisodus luridus). Roots, 2 to 2-8, of which about one-fifth is hyoscine (Kreier ). According to Rabinovich and Konovalova, the root contains hyoscyamine and cuscohygrine (p. 103) but no hyoscine. ... 

Hyoscine (Scopolamine, Atroscine), Ci,H2i04N. The name hyoscine was first used by Hohn and Reichardt for the basie hydrolytic product of hyoscyamine, now known as tropine. It was subsequently used by Ladenburg for a supposed isomeridc of atropine, Cj HjgOjN, isolated from the mother liquors of hyoscyamine. This was found by Schmidt, Hesse and others to be identical with scopolamine, Ci,H2i04N, obtained by Schmidt from Scopolia japonica. The name hyoscine has priority and is in use, but scopolamine is also employed, especially in Germany. 

It may be noted that Datura Metel, in which hyoscine is usually the predominant alkaloid, has been recorded in one instance by Libizov as containing hyoscyamine, but no hyoscine, and a similar difference is mentioned for Scopolia lurida. ... 

Solanaceae Solanoideae Atropa, Atropanthe, Cyphomandra, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Latua, Mandr agora, Nicandra, Physalis, Physochlairta, Przewalskia, Salpichroa, Scopolia, Solandra, Withania... 

The AChE inhibitory properties of the coumarins scopoletin (75) and scopolin (76) were discovered by an interesting in silico approach. A model 3-dimensional pharmacophore was constructed, using a database of known inhibitors and their interaction with the AChE from Torpedo californica. The model was then used to predict likely inhibitors from a large database of those whose molecular coordinates were known. (75) and (76) were predicted and then isolated from Scopolia carniolica and tested in the Ellman assay. Results showed that (75) was much more active than the glucoside (76) but it was 2.5 orders of magnitude weaker than galantamine. Scopoletin also showed activity in vivo when given to rats. 

Scopolia tangutica Max. San Long Zhi (root) Hyoscyamine, scopolamine, anisodamine, anisodine.33-42 Treat shock caused by acute infectious diseases, cerebral thrombosis, acute spinal cord inflammation. 

Jatropha podagric a Hooker Cephalotaxus fortunei Scopolia tang utica Max. 

Datura suaveolens, Scopolia tangutica Datura suaveolens, Scopolia tangutica Alangium lamarckii Nelumbium nuciferum, N. speclosum... 

Datura alba, D.fastuosa, D. innoxia, D. metel, D. stramonium, D. tatula, Scopolia tangutica, Hyoscyamus bohemicus, Physochlaina infundibularis Hyoscyamus bohemicus... 

Although there are some differences in the degree of enhancement of extractability, among the modifiers employed in this study, 10% methanol basified with diethylamine was found to be optimal for the extraction of hyoscyamine (1) and scopolamine (2) from both the roots and aerial parts of Scopolia japonica. While the recoveries from the roots and aerial parts of S. 

Scopolia japonica 427, 428 Senecio 419 S. cordatus 419 S. inaequidens 419 Spiraea 2... 

Tropane alkaloids, principally hyoscyamine and hyoscine, are also found in two other medicinal plants, scopolia and mandrake, but these plants find little current use. Scopolia (Scopolia carniolica Solanaceae) resembles belladonna in appearance, though it is considerably smaller. Both root and leaf materials have been employed medicinally. The European mandrake (Mandragora officinarum Solanaceae) has a complex history as a hypnotic, a general panacea, and an aphrodisiac. Its collection has been surrounded by much folklore and superstition, in that pulling it from the ground was said to drive its collector mad due to the unearthly shrieks emitted. The roots are frequently forked and are loosely likened to a man or woman. Despite the Doctrine of Signatures, which teaches that the appearance of an object indicates its special properties, from a pharmacological point of view, this plant would be much more efficient as a pain-reliever than as an aphrodisiac. 

The atropine series contains a number of very closely allied alkaloids of which the chief are atropine, hyoscyamine, and hyoscine (also called scopolamine). They are found in the roots and leaves of many plants of the Solanaceae, notably belladonna (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), the thorn apple or jimson weed (Datura stramonium), and some members of the Duboisia and Scopolia genera. These plants were used during the Middle Ages as sorcerer s drugs and have been smoked, chewed, or imbibed in the form of decoctions by primitive people for the hallucinations and frenzy they produce (Figure 14.1). 

Note The best-known antimuscarinic or anticholinergic drugs are the belladonna alkaloids. The major drugs in this class are atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. A number of plants belonging to the potato family (Solanaceae) contain similar alkaloids. Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Hyoscyamus niger (henbane), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed or thorn apple), and several species of Scopolia also contain belladonna alkaloids. 

Roots of Scopolia atropoides Hydrochloric or acetic acid Potassium carbonate... 

Scopolamin was isolated from roots of Scopolia atropoides genus Solanaceae. 

TLC MeOH Aluminum oxide C HC1 j-dehydrated EtOH (95 5) Dilute K, iodobismuthate TS-Kl/L (1 1) CP, other alkaloids, isolated form root of Scopolia tangutica Maxim. [1138]... 

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