Solanaceous plants

Atropiae (41), isolated from the deadly nightshade Airopa belladonna L.) is the racemic form, as isolated, of (—)-hyoscyamine [which is not isolated, of course, from the same plant but is typically found ia solanaceous plants such as henbane (HyosQiamus mgerl. )]. Atropiae is used to dilate the pupil of the eye ia ocular inflammations and is available both as a parasympatholytic agent for relaxation of the intestinal tract and to suppress secretions of the saUvary, gastric, and respiratory tracts. In conjunction with other agents it is used as part of an antidote mixture for organophosphorus poisons (see Chemicals in war). 

This theory has stimulated activity in two main directions, suggestions for changes in detail in the steps of processes for particular alkaloids, and work on laboratory syntheses of known alkaloids, using the reactions specified and operated under conditions which might obtain in a plant, i.e., under what are now described as physiological conditions. All the results indicate that the theory is well-founded, and it seems possible that a technique may eventually be found by which the process may be observed in operation, direetly or indirectly, in situ, say in a solanaceous plant. 

According to Rowson, polyploids of solanaceous plants, induced by the action of colchicine, show an increased content of alkaloids, but the relative proportions of hyoscine and hyoscyamine remain the same and are characteristic for the species. 

The fruit of a number of solanaceous plants, including tomato Lycopersicon esculentum), potato Solanum tuberosum) and eggplant Solarium melongena esculentum), have cholinesterase-inhibiting effects (Krasowski et al. 1997). They contain solanaceous glycoalkaloids o-solanine and o-chaconine, which are triglycosides of solanidine, a steroidal alkaloid derived from cholesterol. They are the only plant chemicals known to inhibit both acetlycholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, both in vitro and in vivo. 

Potatoes, other solanaceous plants Gastric distress, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea... 

As a result of the widespread global distribution of solanaceous plants (atropine containing members of the potato family), a variety of cultures have employed them Similar poisoning occurred among Colonial troops in Virginia in 1676. The affected soldiers needed confinement for eleven days (a surprisingly long... 

Beetles are attracted by volatiles of several solanaceous plants (27). The collection and characterization of compounds emanating from potato plants resulted In the Identification of general green leaf volatiles such as hexanol, hexenols and hexenal, which elicit a positive response (28). But the specific compounds that enable the Insects to recognize their solanaceous hosts still remain a mystery. 

The tropane alkaloids (—)-hyoscyamine and (—)-hyoscine are among the most important of the natural alkaloids used in medicine. They are found in a variety of solanaceous plants, including Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Datura stramonium (thornapple) and other Datura species, Hyoscyamus niger (henbane), and Duboisia species. These alkaloids... 

In the first place, they provide a number of extremely useful drugs that are difficult, if not impossible, to produce commercially by synthetic means. These include diverse groups of compounds such as the alkaloids of opium poppy, ergot, and solanaceous plants the cardiotonic glycosides of digitalis most of the antibiotics and all of the serums, vaccines, and related products. 

Material Hydrobromide salt of tropane alkaloid found in belladonna, datura, and other solanaceous plants. 

Usage Stem is pounded in mortar, usually with other local psychoactive materials (mostly solanaceous plants), boiled in just enough water 2-24 hours, strained, reduced to 1/10 volume. 4 oz. cup is drunk by natives. Others should start with 1/4 this amount. 

Polyphenol Oxidases. Plant trichomes and their exudates confer resistance to a variety of insects (54-56). In solanaceous plants, such as the tomato and potato, trichomes contain polyphenol oxidases and catecholic phenolics (e.g., caffeic and chlorogenic acids), which contribute to resistance to a variety of insect pests. In the potato plant, the polyphenol oxidases and phenolics are separated in different trichomes. When insects, such as aphids or leaf hoppers, walk across the surface of the plant they break the two types of trichomes. Trichomal fluids are liberated and, upon mixing, polymerize as a result of polyphenol oxidase activity on catechols, forming an often lethal adhesive trap for the insects (52,58) In tomato plants, the polyphenol oxidase and chlorogenic acid are separated by intracellular compartments, but upon breakage of trichomes by insects, polymerization and physical entrapment occurs (54). 

Examples of Type 1 include Manduca sexta, whose larvae live on Nicotiana and other solanaceous plants. The alkaloids present in these plants, such as nicotine or hyoscyamine, are not stored but are degraded or directly eliminated with the feces (182). In addition, it has been postulated that nicotine may either not diffuse into nerve cells or that the acetylcholine recpetor no longer binds nicotine as in normal animals... 

An alkaloid found in various solanaceous plants, particularly species of Datura, Scopolia, and Duboisia. 

An alkaloid obtained from various solanaceous plants, Hyoscyamus muticus and Duboisia myoporoides being the best sources. It is the laevo-isomer of atropine. 

Kohara, A., Nakajima, C., Yoshida, S. and Muranaka, T. (2007) Gharacterization and engineering of glucosyltransferases responsible for steroid saponin biosynthesis in Solanaceous plants. Phytochem., 68, 478-86. 

A Japanese pioneer of about 1800 wished to test the anaesthetic efficacy of a herbal mixture including solanaceous plants (hyoscine-type alkaloids). His elderly mother volunteered as subject since she was an3fway expected to die soon. But the pioneer administered it to his wife for, as all three agreed, he could find another wife, but could never get another mother 0oumal of the American Medical Association 1966197 10). 

Tropane alkaloids, such as hyoscyamine and/or scopolamine, occur in the solanaceous plants Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, and Mandragora officinarum. These alkaloids are powerful anticholinergic agents and can elicit peripheral symptoms (for example blurred vision, dry mouth) as well as central effects (for example drowsiness, delirium). They can potentiate the effects of anticholinergic medicaments. 

Bawden, F. C., and Pirie, N. W. The isolation and some properties of liquid crystalline substances from solanaceous plants infected with three strains of tobacco mosaic virus. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B123, 274-320 (1937). 

Apply compost or manure to those crops that need it most. Some crops prefer to feast on the leftovers of nutrients applied the previous year. This list includes members of the cabbage family, solanaceous plants such as tomatoes and potatoes, most root crops, and leafy crops like spinach and lettuce. Other crops, including squash family members, corn, and other grains, and legumes such as peas and beans prefer a fresh application of compost or manure each year. 

Tropane Alkaloids in Root Cultures of Solanaceous Plants... 

In this article, we demonstrate the establishment of the adventitious and the hairy root cultures of several solanaceous plant species including Datura, Duboisia, Hyoscyamus, and Scopolia etc. for the production and biosynthetic studies of tropane alkaloids. In addition, the isolation and structural elucidation of the new tropane alkaloid 7P-hydroxyhyoscyamine and the piperidone alkaloid hyalbidone from them is also presented. 

Table 1. Solanaceous plants studied in this article.

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