Scope of Research

A life-span inspired design methodology (LiSp-IDM) is suggested as the first attempt towards a design program strategy. Although more refined and detailed approaches 

All the aforementioned features of the LiSp-IDM are captured in the following definition, 

The following set of goal-oriented engineering questions were formulated based in the above definition, 

Additionally, a set of specific scientific design questions were formulated based on the steps of a generic design cycle, 

These questions will be either qualitatively or quantitatively answered during the course 

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The first sub-Section deals with the history of indicating safety, how the scope of research evolved, and how research into safety provides new insights and continuous improvement in indicating the safety performance of an organization. The last sub-Section discusses the influence of the changing environment on the way safety is indicated nowadays. 

This book contains six chapters. While chapter one of this book introduces the subject in terms of salient/fundamental features of explosives, additional requirements for military explosives and their applications (military, commercial, space, nuclear others), chapter 2 highlights the status of current and futuristic explosives in the light of their special characteristics. In addition, the future scope of research in this field has also been brought into focus in this chapter. 

This wheel illustrates the essential activities conducted by scientists. The first activity, shown in the center, is the asking of a broad question that defines the scope of research. It is usually based upon the scientists particular interests. The scientist can then move among all the various activities in unique paths and repeat activities as often as he or she finds necessary. 

In this framework, optimizing the division scheme of the potential seems to allow us to approach such uniqueness [65]. By searching through the function space, one hopes to find a unique representation B = B(j ) after renormalization. Such endeavors are beyond the scope of research in the field of SCIETs. The logic is as follows If the closure is exact, it must necessary satisfy all known thermodynamic and structural conditions. The reverse question, the sufficiency condition, requires more care. If such a functionality provides, a posteriori, accurate results for all properties, though not proof of unique functionality, it is favorably disposed to it. 

According to Kelly Moore, boundary organizations provide both an object of social action and stable but flexible sets of rules for how to go about engaging with that object (1996 1598). The EMS was quick to demarcate its scope of research interest by defining environmental mutagenesis as its object of action. It proved to be a useful strategy for negotiating several boundaries. 

The wide range of molecular techniques available and the rapid pace of new developments make it difficult for an individual to stay apprised of all aspects of the field that might impinge on the research at hand. For this reason, other researchers involved in molecular genetics are a key element of the local environment. This may include other members of the same research group, scientists who share the laboratory facility, or others doing various kinds of molecular genetics research at the same or nearby institutions. The collective molecular expertise in the local environment (and how well one can hope to make use of it) should be carefully assessed, and it may influence decisions on the choice of technique and the scope of research envisioned. 

The scope of research in metal-alkynyl chemistry is broad in addition to spanning the general areas of traditional interest to organometallic... 

Researchers now have access to unparalleled amounts of DNA sequence and genetic data. Families of homologous gene products can be studied with the intent of connecting specific proteins to various disease conditions. An obvious advantage to this wide scope of research is that once the mechanism of action has been elucidated for a few family members, this information can then be applied in a general sense to other homologues. 

The spectrum of research conducted by the community of clinical pharmaceutical scientists (CPSs) is broad (Fig. 1), with human research being common to all, as indicated by the shaded spheres of clinical research and outcomes research. Some clinical scientists may spend their entire careers focu.sed on human interventional or observational trials. However, CPSs may also extend the programmatic scope of their work into adjacent research spheres, including preclinical research. Fig. 1 also demonstrates that, although individuals who spend their entire careers exclusively in the preclinical sphere are indeed pharmaceutical scientists, they do not fit the definition of a clinical pharmaceutical scientist. It is the nature and the scope of research that defines the clinical pharmaceutical scientist. 

The proportionate approach to review is taken, which is geared toward the principle that the greater the invasiveness or potential risk, the greater the care that should be taken to review the proposal. Three levels of review are recommended 1) full REB review, 2) expedited review for projects of minimal risk, annual renewals, chart reviews, or projects where REB conditions have been met, and 3) departmental review. The scope of research that requires REB review is found in Table 2. 

Table 2 Scope of research that requires REB review...

In 1961, Fried (1) demonstrated that aqueous surfactant-stabilized foam could drastically reduce the mobility of gases in porous media. At that time, foam was studied mainly from a phenomenological perspective. In the intervening 30 years, foam has been recognized as a fluid with unique rheological properties within porous media, and the scope of research has expanded to include local pore-scale phenomena and local microstructure. Because of its dispersed nature, foam profoundly affects the flow patterns of nonwetting fluids within porous media. 

Research in ordered mesoporous oxides has increased dramatically in intensity over the last years. Developments not foreseen at the time when MCM-41 and FSM-16 were discovered have taken place, and in some cases applications of these materials are on the horizon. This paper will cover the discoveries which have expanded the scope of research in this field and try to give an outlook where new developments could take place. 

The Russian nuclear-powered ships are operated by highly qualified and experienced specialists, which along with their direct duties perform significant scope of research work aiming at enhancement of the reactor plants safely. 

The long-term activity on the HTGRs projects led to apperance of cooperation between various organizations capable to carry out all necessary scope of research, development and design works. There are sufficient number of facilities for testing of HTGRs equipment, irradiation of fuel, graphite and structure materials. 

It is worth mentioning the link between our environment-related index and commonly used approaches such as life cycle assessment. According to our scope of research (see explanatory caveat in section 1.4) we limit our contribution to the design and operational space in the process life span. Thus, our focus is exclusively on the sustainability aspects that are under the control of the design and operational phases. In this regard, we aim at an operational efficiency, which means basically an effective utilization of resources in the process operation. Similar to life cycle assessment, we quantify the... 

The planer type SOFCs with ASC and MSC are selected for operation at temperature range of 400 to 850 °C. ESC and Cathode Supported Cell (CSC) are also concerned in our scope of research for consideration of their special characteristics and fimctions as well as niche benefits, such as the anti-redox capability of ECS and cost reduction of CSC. 

In this section we consider differences in Helmholtz free energy of solvation arising from different conformations of solute molecules in given solvents, following the approach developed by Sinanoglu [2]. This limited scope of research permits us to ignore various unknown quantities, e.g., the free volume [32-34], which appear in Sinanoglu s treatment. 

The projects described in this article, which originated at the Music Computation and Cognition Laboratoiy at the University of Southern California, will give readers a sense of the richness and scope of research at the intersection of engineering and musical performance. The research includes computational music cognition, expression synthesis, ensemble coordination, and musical improvisation. 

Historical Development, Existing Analyses and Scope of Research... 

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