Safety of sources

To achieve the objectives specified in Section 3 as they relate to practices, a system of protection founded on basic principles is needed. The conceptual framework developed by the ICRP and used here includes justification of practices, optimization of protection, dose limitation and safety of sources. The dose limitation principle does not apply to medical exposures. 

The IAEA has issued a number of pubhcations emphasizing the necessity of national systems for ensuring the safety of sources in its Member States ... 

An individual who has been assigned responsibilities by the principal party should have the expertise and authority to ensure that the measures for the safety of sources recommended in this Safety Guide are implemented. 

The leasing of sources is becoming increasingly common. In some respects, leasing improves the safety of sources as the manufacturer retains ownership of the source and, with it, responsibility to recover the source for disposal. However, continuing responsibiUty for day to day safety remains with the principal party. 

The carcinogenicity of nitrosamines has created widespread concern over the safety of food products that are significant sources of nitrates and nitrites. Nitrosamines are readily formed by reaction of secondary amines with nitrites at acid pH, conditions which may occur in the gastrointestinal tract. 

Since data have been collated from a variety of sources, and tend to be presented in mixed units, and because rapid conversion of units is an advantage in many on-site situations, conversion tables are included in Chapter 18. Finally, since safety with chemicals cannot be addressed exhaustively in a handbook, selected sources of reliable current information on chemical hazards and their control are listed in Chapter 19. 

It should be obvious from this discussion that the technique of creating a hazard tree is somewhat subjective. Different evaluators will likely classify conditions and sources differently and may carry the analysis lo further levels of sources. However, the conclusions reached concerning building design, maintenance, layout of traffic patterns, lighting, ok., should be the same. The purpose of developing the hazard tree is to l ocus attention and help the evaluator identify all aspects that must be considered in reviewing overall levels of safety. 

AS of this writing, 100% inspection by NAA of small arms primers in an actual production loading plant has not been implemented, nor is it contemplated in the near future. Technical problems exist related to coupling the present state-of-the-art nuclear components with the high production rates for the primers, namely, tens of units per sec per automatic loading line. The high intensity of the neutron source and the complexity of the detection system required detracts from the utility of the method in a plant environment where simplicity and safety of operation are of paramount importance. Nevertheless, the technical feasibility of the method has been demonstrated by the AMMRC study and future developments in nuclear activation hardware may ultimately make this non-destructive inspection for production primers more viable... 

The aim of our project was to study phloem as a source of fiber and polyphenols, and to develop a method to improve its taste without losing the potentially bioactive polyphenols. In addition, we wanted to investigate the bioavailability, cholesterolemic and antioxidative effects and safety of phloem and its phytonutrients in humans in a randomised double-blind trial. 

Lobbying by other P-carotene producers — In addition to approvals of mixed carotenes from palm oil, P-carotene from Dunaliella microalgae, and other natural products, the EU Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General was asked for an opinion on the safety of P-carotene from a dried biomass source, obtained from a fermentation process with Blakeslea trispora for use as a coloring matter for foodstuffs. 

Safety Precautions source of ethene ripens fruit. Design experiments that may cause fruit to ripen faster or slower. paper plates (3)... 

The suitability of a bacterium for poly(3HB) production on an industrial scale depends on many different factors such as stability and safety of the organism, growth and accumulation rates, achievable cell densities and poly(3HB) contents, extractability of the polymer, molecular weights of accumulated poly(3HB), range of utilizable carbon sources, costs of the carbon source and the other components of the medium, and occurrence of byproducts [11]. 

SEI formation control is the key to good performance and the safety of the whole lithium ion battery, as not only anode operation but also cathode properties are strongly affected by the SEI formation process (the cathode is the lithium cation source of lithium ion cells). Apart from control of the graphite (surface) properties, an appropriate composition of the electrolyte is usually helpful for creation of an effective SEI. 

Arvela, H. and K. Winqvist, Influence of source type and air exhange on variations of indoor radon concentration. Report STUK-A51, Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, Helsinki (1986). 

---