Safety in design

Safety in Design Designing a pressure vessel in accordance with the code will, under most circumstances, provide adequate safety. In the code s own words, however, the rules cover minimum construction requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection, and certification of pressure vessels. The significant word is minimum. The ultimate responsibility for safety rests with the user and the designer. They must decide whether anything beyond code require-... 

The chapter on Radioactive chemicals (Chapter 11) has been updated. Considerations of safety in design (Chapter 12) are presented separately from systems of work requirements, i.e. Operating procedures (Chapter 13). Tlie considerations for Marketing and transportation of hazardous chemicals are now addressed in two separate chapters (Chapters 14 and 15). Chemicals and the Environment are now also covered in two chapters (Chapters 16 and 17) to reflect the requirement that the impact of chemicals on the environment should be properly assessed, monitored and controlled. Although a substantial contribution to atmospheric pollution is made by emissions from road vehicles and other means of transport, and this is now strictly legislated for, this topic is outside the scope of this text. Chapter 18 provides useful conversion factors to help with the myriad of units used internationally. 

Safety as it is reflected in factors of safety in design of pressure vessels, pressure testing of piping and vessels, etc. Use of A.P.I., A.S.M.E. and ASA Codes Code Stamps on equipment. 

Saddle packing, 57 Safety, in design, 34 Savannah River plant, 23, 73 Scatchard-Hamer equation, 198 Scheibel column, 82 Schmidt number, 664 Secondary reflux and boilup, 698-704 Selection of separation operations, 32, 534 factors in selection, 34-35 Selectivity, relative, 145 Separation operations, 8-11, 20 Separation process, 1-47 synthesis, 527-547 Separator sequences, 530 Sequence of separators, 527-528 direct, 529 indirect, 529 Shell Chemical Co., 513 Shortcut design methods, 427-493 Shower trays, 77 Side streams, 392 Sieve trays, 68-69... 

Nine basic construction health and safety topics are identified in the survey, namely legislations/regulations (Tl) safety management (T2) risk identification (T3) safe practices and risk reduction (T4) hazard assessment (T5) hazard control and prevention (T6) mandatory procedures, training, records, and maintenance (T7) compliance, inspection, and penalties (T8) and incorporation of construction-safety-in-design courses (T9). The extent of coverage of these topics is presented in Fig. 11.14. It can be seen that all respondents indicated that topics Tl and T7 represent no more than 20% of the covered constraction health and safety topics, while about 74% of the responses indicated that T2 and T4 represent no more than 20% of the covered topics. However, 13 % of the responses indicated that T2 and... 

A1 Palumbo, C. C. M. (2010). Safety in design Enhaneing eonstruction safety by implementing safety in the design phase. CM eJoumal. http //cmaanet.org/files/files/SafetyInDesign060110.pdf. 

Weinstein, M., Gambatese, J., Hecker, S. (2005). Can design improve construction safety Assessing the impact of a collaborative safety-in-design process. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 737(10), 1125-1134. 

WorkCover NSW. (2001). CHAIR Safety in design tool. WorkCover New South Wales, www. workcover.nsw.gov.au. 

In-service inspection and monitoring is based on the requirements of ASME section XI, Div 3. For the main vessel, in addition to ASME requirements of continuous monitoring, ultrasonic examination is planned to be carried out through the main vessel - safety vessel interspace (300 mm nominal gap). A periscope is provided for visual examination of reactor internals. Eddy current inspection is under development for the SG tubes. SG tube size and expansion bend design takes into account this inspection requirement. Ultrasonic examination is planned for the dissimilar joints of the roof slab - main vessel and SG transition joint. The subject of ISI for other reactor components important to safety is under study. For the safety related reactor assembly components, which are non-inspectable, an additional factor of safety in design is envisaged. 

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