Safety Disposal

Based on data from literature, CCA-treated wood should be pyrolyzed at low temperature from the point of safety disposal [8]. However, the results of the present study indicate that a lower temperature and longer pyrolysis led to higher concentrations of arsenic in pyrolysis oil. Therefore, it is concluded that the optimum conditions for pyrolysis wnth respect to minimizing the concentration of arsenic in oil is 450 °C and 80 s. The application of fast pyrolysis for the treatmem of CCA-treated wood seems to be advantageous because of the minimum secondary reactions and maximum retention of amenic in charcoal. 

G) Codes and other factors. Codes are sets of requirements imposed by customers or by technical organizations, such as ASTM (American Society for Testing of Materials) and SAE (Society of Automobile Engineers). Statutory factors comprise regulations regarding health, safety, disposal, environmental requirements and recycling which need consideration. 

When viewing effluent treatment methods, it is clear that the basic problem of disposing of waste material safety is, in many cases, not so much solved but moved from one place to another. The fundamental problem is that once waste has been created, it cannot be destroyed. The waste can be concentrated or diluted, its physical or chemical form can be changed, but it cannot be destroyed. 

In comparison with most other analytical techniques, radiochemical methods are usually more expensive and require more time to complete an analysis. Radiochemical methods also are subject to significant safety concerns due to the analyst s potential exposure to high-energy radiation and the need to safely dispose of radioactive waste. 

Responsible Care is the incentive sponsored by the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA). Any CMA company must embrace the philosophy of continuous improvements of health, safety, and environmental efforts accompanied by an open communication to the pubHc about products and their production. Thus the total impact of any product on the environment, from the extraction of raw materials, their beneftciation, transportation, production of final product, and disposal of the product at the end of its useful life, must be taken into consideration. 

Clean Air Act and its amendments ia 1970, 1977, and 1990 1967 Air Quahty Standards and National Air Pollution Acts and 1970 National Environmental PoHcy Act) (2) better waste disposal practices (1965 SoHd Waste Disposal Act 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) (see Wastes, industrial Waste treatment, hazardous wastes) (i) reduced noise levels (1972 Noise Control Act) (4) improved control of the manufacture and use of toxic materials (1976 Toxic Substances Control Act) and (5) assignment of responsibiUty to manufacturers for product safety (1972 Consumer Product Safety Act) (15,16). 

Future technology developments in paraffin alkylation will be greatly influenced by environmental considerations. The demand for alkylate product will continue to increase because alkylate is one of the most desirable components in modern low emission gasoline formulations. Increased attention will be focused on improving process safety, reducing waste disposal requirements, and limiting the environmental consequences of any process emissions. 

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