Safety Devices Component

Peripheral Components In addition to the stack, a power supply, pumps for diluate and concentrate, instrumentation, tanks for cleaning, and other peripherals are required. Safety devices are mandatoiy given the dangers posed by electricity, hydrogen, and chlorine. 

The RP 14C also provides standard reasons allowing the elimination of certain devices when the process component is considered as part of an overall system. Figure 14-3 shows the Safety Analysis Checklist (SAC) for a pressure vessel. Each safety device is identified by the SAT (with the exception of gas make-up system ) is listed. It must either be installed or it can be eliminated if one of the reasons listed is valid. 

Procedures for assurance of quality in the design, fabrication, installation, maintenance, testing and inspection for critical equipment are ) red. Safety requires that critical safety devices must operate as i led and process system components must be maintained to be able to contain design pressures. 

Fuzes contain safety devices that tend to prevent functioning until after the fuze has been subjected to centrifugal and setback forces, after the round is fired. In the so-called bore-safe fuzes, the path of the explosive train is interrupted so that, while the projectile is still in the bore of the weapon, premature expln is prevented should any of the more sensitive fuze elements (such as primer and/or detonator) start to function. Interruption is usually achieved by inserting out-of-line components or interrupter blocks or slides. Although this leaves the fuze in an unarmed position, it would not be considered safe in handling or shipping, unless the fuze was not provided with safety devices such as safety wires or cotter pins. These outside devices must be removed prior to inserting the fuzed round of ammunition into gun barrel, but the fuze will still be unarmed because some of its inside parts are not free to move to their proper positions so that the fuze may operate in its intended manner... 

Portable deposit/corrosion monitors are typically housed in an enclosure of perhaps 30 in. H x 20 in. W x 15 in. D. Components include inlet flow controller, strainer, adjustable electric heater, (outer) see-through glass housing, (inner) heated specimen tube or block, hot/cold temperature readout, corrosion rack, plus thermal overload, low-flow cut-off, and other safety devices. The specimen tubes or blocks are available in different metals (as are the corrosion coupons) and can usually be replaced in a matter of minutes. Unlike test heat exchangers, the cooling water in this type of monitor flows on the shell side of the specimen tube. 

There have been numerous discussions about this accident, which produced the most casualties in the history of industrial disasters. Some arguments revolve around the direct cause of the accident. As is generally known, many major accidents have been caused by combinations of small accidents. The accident in Bhopal also happened as the result of a combination of serious mistakes the mixing of water with MIC caused by neglecting to put the metal sheet in place to separate reactive components, and the failures in operation of the exhaust gas scrubber and the flare stack. Such cases are frequently found where a safety device is temporarily removed because the device is troublesome. It is necessary to educate people that the reliability of a safety device should be tested and that the failure of a safety device can lead to unexpectedly terrible results. 

Leachables in orally inhaled and nasal drug products (OINDP) are compounds which are present in the drug product due to leaching from container closure system components. Extractables are compounds that can be extracted from OINDP device components, or surfaces of the OINDP container closure system when in presence of an appropriate solvent(s) and/or condition(s). Leachables are often a subset of, or are derived directly or indirectly from, extractables. Extractables may, therefore, be considered as potential leachables in OINDPs. Some leachables may affect product quality and/or present potential safety risks, therefore regulatory guidance has provided some recommendations regarding the analysis and toxicological safety assessment (i.e., qualification) of such compounds. 

Tests not conducted as part of the System Testing must be included in User Qualihcation. Safety functions should include Functional Testing to ensure that the safety devices operate as intended in normal operating conditions and include exploring the consequences of a component failure as well as the effect this will have on the system. Calibration records must be kept to support User Qualihcation as required." ... 

More details of the components of the battery including safety devices are... 

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of a complete lithium-ion battery, (a) Jelly roll, (b) other components and safety devices (from Ref. 5).

Damage of downhole safety /well control components. Solids can erode and destroy subsurface safety valves. Failure of these well safety devices can result in uncontrolled production situations with tremendous consequences, such as loss of life or large economic losses. 

Device components, as part of a drug-device combination product, may contain polymers, elastomers, and other components from which minute quantities of material may migrate (leach) into the medicinal product over time and thus may affect the quality and safety of the product. A number of guidelines outline approaches to be considered for extractables and leachables studies [61, 62]. This chapter outlines additional points to consider specific to the development of drug-device combination products. 

After explaining in the preceding chapter the control of processes by means of process control engineering equipment, subsequently safety devices are treated. They should become effective if the process control engineering measures should fail. Since processes take place inside enclosures (vessels, pipework etc.) the objective is to avoid the loss of their integrity (loss of containment, LOC). An important reason for such a loss is a pressure which lies above the failure pressure of the enclosure. This can, for example, result from component failures. Frequently increased pressure is accompanied by increased temperature, which lowers the load limits of materials and hence their failure pressure. Further reasons for a loss of integrity of enclosures are fires and explosions which cause pressure and/or temperature increases. 

Most circuits also contain a switch that controls the flow of electrons along the pathway. Another component that may be included in the pathway is a fuse or circuit breaker. Fuses and circuit breakers are safety devices. When the flow of electrons—amperage—exceeds the value of the fuse, then the extra current flow causes the fuse to overheat and melt, thus breaking the circuit. In a circuit breaker, the extra current flow initiates an electromagnet that opens a switch and interrupts the flow of electrons. 

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